A folk toy in the life of a preschooler. Consultation for teachers on the topic: “Folk toy in the life of a preschooler” Download the full text of the abstract

Consultation for parents and teachers:

“Folk toy in a child’s life”

Dear parents and teachers, let's remember our childhood. What happens right away? Of course, mother’s warm hands, and her favorite teddy bear (doll, bunny, etc. - everyone has their own). Most people associate childhood with toys. But, in addition to personal value for each of us, the toy has universal value, since it is a unique creation created by people. In addition, there is no teacher or educator in the world who is more competent and cheerful at the same time. On the eve of fun and long-awaited folk holidays, such as Maslenitsa, we invite you and your children to plunge into the fascinating world of folk heritage and creativity.

Why is it important for a child to know a folk toy?

Folk art contains a very important educational value. It accumulates the culture of the people, starting from its origins and transferring centuries-old heritage through a string of generations, thus maintaining an inextricable connection between the older and younger representatives of the nation. Selects the best that has been accumulated in national experience. Reflects the worldview of people, the mentality of a nation, its fundamental values and traditions. It is in folk art that one should look for spiritual principles and family foundations, centuries-old knowledge and beliefs. Folk art shows the stages of the formation of a nation, its evolution.

Therefore, it is necessary to study the history of your country and your people in close connection with the treasury of folk art. A person's truly patriotic feelings are always rooted in the origins of national culture. In addition, folk art reveals to the person who studies it the diversity of corners of the Motherland: from large craft centers to tiny villages famous for their craftsmen and their unique products, which reflect the unique appearance of the people. The wide cognitive possibilities contained in folk culture can broaden the horizons of children and adults. And finally, seeing the best examples of decorative and applied art in front of you, an involuntary desire arises to imitate outstanding masters, creating similar works with your own hands; the desire to master a craft and engage in it as a hobby or professional activity.

It is very important to begin studying the arts and crafts of one’s people in preschool childhood, when the child is saturated with the spiritual life of different generations and absorbs the cultural experience of his predecessors into his consciousness.

From the history of Russian folk toys.

From a dialogue between mother and son. “What is a folk toy?” — one mother asked her son. “I think that this is a toy that my people played and are playing with,” the child answered, not without pride.

A folk toy is a special type of Russian folk art, a treasury of folk culture.

Folk art is loved and understood by everyone, because the soul of the people lives in it. We are talking, first of all, about folk crafts for which the towns and villages of our vast country are famous and which form the national flavor of Russia. Among the products of decorative and applied art created by generations of Russian craftsmen from different regions, one can note various kinds of toys made from natural materials (wood, clay, straw, etc.), dishes, carpets, lace, embossing, embroidery, forging, etc. Each product carries goodness, joy, the warmth of the master’s hands and imagination, which captivates both children and adults, drawing them into the world of human imagination and outstanding fine craftsmanship.

The folk toy is figurative, colorful, and original in design. It is accessible to children, as it contains concise content that children can understand. These are fairy-tale images familiar to children, people and animals, made from local natural materials.

The folk toy has long entered the everyday life of children and has become so commonplace that it is necessary to specifically point out it as a product of folk art. For example, when we see, among other souvenirs on a shelf in the living room or on a shelf in a children's room, entertaining blacksmith bears or a painted whistle, we cannot immediately say that this or that craft is a handicraft product. Although we are attracted by the special design of the toy, its bright colors and purely Russian content.

The history of folk toys goes back to ancient times. This is the earliest form of artistic creativity of the people, which at first carried a ritual, ceremonial function, gradually becoming a decorative element. From time immemorial, for each nationality, for residents of a certain region of Russia, there have been unique traditions of making folk toys. Over time, the technique of creating a toy changed, the toy itself acquired a more advanced shape and color combination of painting elements, combining the rich culture of our people, national characteristics and the originality of the corners of Russia.

The history of folk toys confirms that they are not an accidental phenomenon, but a steadily developing branch of folk art, which has its own traditions and performance techniques.

The materials for making toys were varied. This includes clay, wood, and, starting from the first half of the 19th century, papier-mâché. They also made toys from straw, moss, fir cones, and flax.

In other words, toys were made from everything that nature gave to man. How could a baby, our distant ancestor, not love such a toy? After all, everything from which it was made pleased the child’s eye, surrounded the child, was connected with the life and work activities of his parents. Nature itself inspired people to create creations of a decorative and applied nature.

To achieve the fusion of deep inner content and expressive image in a toy, it takes a long time and the efforts of many people, therefore the folk toy was the fruit of the collective creativity of several generations of folk craftsmen. Over the course of a long time, the plastic and coloristic appearance of the toy, characteristic of a particular area, has been improved. Various masters breathed their life into it, introducing original sculpting techniques, color design, and the character of the toy; they left a mark of their own, incomparable to any other fantasy; honed their own technique and passed it on to their students. This is how entire dynasties of craftsmen were formed, making folk toys that live thanks to their artistic flair and skill. Gradually, everything superfluous and unnecessary was “cut off”, complicating the expressive appearance, making it difficult to perceive the toy as a single whole. The toy took the ideal form with which it lives to this day.

Handicraft master class “Folk rag doll - twist”

The master class is designed for children of the preparatory group of kindergarten, teachers, and parents.

A master class for children is possible after preliminary development of labor skills: folding, twisting, wrapping, tying.

Purpose: play doll for a child; amulet; handmade gift; decorating your favorite corner in the room.

Goal: Extracting beauty from ordinary, seemingly waste scraps and scraps of fabric edges.

1. Teach how to make a rag doll in a seamless way, showing imagination and creativity.

2. Arouse interest in folk art. Will restore and preserve for new generations such a phenomenon as a folk traditional doll.

3. Strengthening labor skills in children: folding, folding, twisting, wrapping, tying.

4. To interest parents in the revival and preservation of folk traditions of family needlework.

Materials:

2 squares of white fabric (20x20) for the body and blouse;

One square (20x20) and two strips of colored fabric for a sundress;

A rectangular patch for an apron and a triangular one for a scarf;

White threads;

Cotton wool for volume;

Belt tape.

Before you start creating a doll, briefly introduce the child to the history of the doll, tell about it, you can show several illustrations of it.

Proverb: “He who does not play with dolls does not know happiness.”

“Now I’ll tell you about the folk doll,

And if you like it, I’ll show you how to do it”;

The doll is just a sight for sore eyes,

To the surprise of all the children,

If you want to learn

Make this doll

You will have to not be lazy

And put in the effort!

“My doll is sad: there is no one to dance with.

Make some friends for her, the doll will have more fun!”

For centuries, hand-made dolls have accompanied the life of Russian peasants. They were carefully kept in chests and passed down from generation to generation. Mothers, older sisters, grandmothers sewed dolls for small children, “...despite all the incredible busyness, they found time for this. The child was specially taught traditional techniques for making a doll, and from the age of five, any girl could make a simple rag doll.” Girls began to be taught how to make dolls from the age of three.

The main feature of the doll is that it is made without a needle and is faceless. For a child, a doll will be a toy-friend and a talisman at the same time, so it is useless to prick it with a needle, and according to popular beliefs, it is forbidden to make a face, since such a doll can gain a soul and become dangerous. A “faceless” doll is considered an inanimate object and cannot harm the child. A doll made with love with your own hands will be a source of pride for its craftswoman.

Folk rag dolls.

Technology for making a folk rag doll:

Materials. Take one square of white fabric

bend the edges inward, as shown in the photo. Where the wider edge is folded (on the right) there will be a base. It will be thicker so that the doll is stable.

We put cotton wool in the middle so that we twist it tightly.

the doll wasn't too skinny

The result is a twist - a roll. This is at neck and waist level

the “body” of our doll. tie the twist with thread.

Take the second square of white fabric, in the center and tie it with thread at neck level.

place a twist and a piece of cotton wool so that

the head turned out to be more round.

Straighten the fabric. Let's try to remove We form the arms: we determine their length,

extra folds from the doll's face. We wrap the excess fabric inside

We tuck the edges of the sleeve into the middle.

We measure the size of the palms and tighten them with thread. Free corners

we tie it around the body with a thread on the belt, trying to distribute the fabric

evenly. The base of our doll is ready. But the outfit is your imagination and creativity!

Sundress. Take two narrow colored fabrics and fold a square of colored fabric

We place them crosswise across the shoulders in half, placing the thread inside.

on the chest and back. We tie it with a thread at the waist.

We tighten the thread, apply the fabric to the belt, tie a scarf for the doll,

evenly distributing around and tying. We tie the belt and the doll is ready.

Material prepared by: teacher

Dear parents!

During the period from 03/10/16 to 03/31/16 the topic of our classes is " Folk toy".

Purpose of the topic: introduce to folk creativity by example folk toys; introduce oral folk art(songs, nursery rhymes, chants); use folklore when organizing all types of children's activities

The following tasks will help us achieve our goals: exercises:

1) Design "Stairs", "House";

2) Modeling “That’s what a tumbler we have!”, "Pyramid", “Cucumber, cucumber;

3) Drawing "Wooden rings", "Big and small apples on a plate", "Cubes big and small";

4) Didactic game “Let’s find kerchiefs for the nesting dolls”, “Place the nesting dolls on the path”, folding 4- and 5-seater nesting dolls;

5) Acting out a fairy tale "Chicken Ryaba";

6) Game situation "Matryoshka", "Petrushkin Concert", "The cat has a cold";

7) Performing movements associated with pronouncing Russian. adv. songs “Ay, swing - swing - swing!”;

8) Examination folk toys: matryoshka, toys - fun, spinning top, illustrations for famous Russian children. adv. nursery rhymes, songs and fairy tales;

9) Reading nursery rhymes “Oh - doo - doo.”, “Ay, swing - swing - swing!”, "Magpie - white-sided", "Cucumber, cucumber";

10) Reading the work of K. Ushinsky Geese”, Russian folk tales"Turnip", "Three Bears", "Teremok";

11) Games "Find the matryoshka"», "Loaf", "Collect a matryoshka doll", "By the Bear in the Forest", "Cucumber, cucumber", "Cats and mice", "Geese", "Fox - fox";

12) Games with whistles, wooden spoons, pipes, rattles.

As a result of mastering the topic children:

1) respond emotionally to game, proposed by an adult, imitates his actions;

2) call musical instruments;

3) distinguish and name objects in the immediate environment;

5) distinguish between large and small objects and name their size;

6) accompany play and everyday actions with speech.

In order for children to better understand the material, parents are recommended:

Tell children about Russians folk toys, consider them in illustrations and in their natural form;

Consider the material from which they are made toys - clay, wood, ceramics;

color, shape, size, parts toys, tell how they are played;

Talk to children about folk crafts, that toys are made by craftsmen.

Didactic game "Name toy» :

wooden toy(which)– wooden (matryoshka, pipe);

clay toy(which)- clay (whistle);

ceramic toy(which)- ceramic (pupa)

Guess and learn riddle:

The girlfriends are different in height, but they look alike.

They all sit next to each other, but only one toy.

(Matryoshka)

Final event for topic:

Physical education "Visiting Matryoshka".

Publications on the topic:

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Dear Colleagues! We all plan educational activities based on an integrated thematic approach. The topics of the week follow each other.

Shilova Svetlana Anatolyevna
Teacher of kindergarten No. 25 "Forest Fairy Tale" urban settlement. Mirny district of Krasnoyarsk, Samara region.

The history of folk toys goes back to ancient times. This is the earliest form of artistic creativity of the people who inhabited Russia, which has been modified over many centuries, combining the color and versatility of the culture of our people.
The materials for making toys were varied. They made crafts from everything that nature gave to man: clay, straw, fir cones and wood. How could a child not love such a children's toy? After all, everything it was made of was so familiar and familiar. It was as if nature itself gave man from its bounties in order to encourage creativity and give life to a new creation.

As soon as the baby was born, a toy or “funny game”, as our ancestors called it, became his faithful companion. The smallest children received rattles or “sharkuns”. It could be a dried poppy seed box, a rattle, a bright piece of fabric with bells or pieces of copper sewn on. In addition to entertainment, these toys, according to parents, served to attract a good spirit to the baby, a protective angel protecting the child from evil spirits and the evil eye. A rattle or a ball, symbolizing, according to the ancestors, the sky and the celestial world, seemed to connect the child with the world of good. The most interesting thing is that in the toys of our people you will not find images of an evil or scary character, because in the old days it was believed that such a toy could bring harm to the baby.
As the child grew, the toys around him also changed. They became more complex, helping him learn to walk and independently explore the space around him. For this purpose, various lollipops were made. Everything ingenious is simple. Wheel axles with moving parts were attached to the stick.
The toy captivated the child with the sounds made by the bells or rattles attached to it, the rhythmic movement of the wheels - and the baby began to walk after the stick with the toy attached. It was the turn of the gurney, but already on a rope. Most often it was a horse - as a symbol of the sun. The child felt that his friend was following on his heels, obedient to the will of his master. Thus, for the first time the child could feel like a strong and brave friend for his toy.
Our ancestors were perspicacious and intelligent. Sensitively sensing the nature of the child, they gave him that children's toy that not only entertained, but also educated the baby, preparing him for later life. There were few toys, but each of them taught the child to later life.
What did the village girls play? Of course, in rag dolls.
Mothers deftly made dolls for their daughters from pieces of fabric and rope. Moreover, such a doll was not thrown away; it was carefully kept in the house, passed from daughter to daughter, because peasant families traditionally had many children. The face of such a doll was usually not drawn, and this allowed the child to come up with the character and appearance of a rag girlfriend himself. Our ancestors believed that such games taught a girl to be a good mother and housewife in the future.
What kind of rag dolls were not made in the vast expanses of the Russian land. These are Vepsian dolls, made from scraps of worn-out fabric, personifying a married woman. These are “krupenichki” - pouch dolls in which buckwheat grains were stored for the new harvest.
Such dolls were also made for women who wanted to have children as soon as possible.
This also includes a Christmas angel doll made of fabric, simple, but at the same time unusual. These dolls were used to decorate the Christmas tree.
There were also “swaddle” dolls. Such a children’s doll easily fit in the palm of your hand. She was placed in the cradle of a newborn child, so that she would take upon herself all the evil that was intended for the baby.
Later, such a doll was placed in the baby’s hand, like a kind of finger massager, and was also inserted into the folds of the child’s clothing.
If guests came, they praised the doll, not the baby, for fear of jinxing him.
There were also dolls - “Moskovki” (a doll with 6 children tied to a belt - as a symbol of maternal love and tenderness), “stolbushki” (a doll on birch bark tubes) and plump “Kostromushki” (a plump doll in an elegant dress, symbolizing satiety and wealth in the house).
There were children's toys characteristic of a particular area. Such toys have survived in our culture to this day.
Dymkovo toy.
This is a very ancient craft. In the old days they celebrated "Whistle Dance" - a holiday where people whistled, danced and had fun, driving away evil spirits. So it happened that in the village of Dymkovo they made whistles and toys.
The whistle was credited with magical properties. It was believed that by whistling, a person could remove damage from himself and even recover, and all the bad things from him would pass on to the enemy, who wished evil and sent the disease. Such toys were traditionally kept near the window.
In the village, entire families made a wide variety of toys from clay. These are ladies, fantastic animals and birds, and cockerels. The fishery has survived to this day. Of course, the methods of making toys have changed a little, but still craftsmen still make such a toy not in a factory way, but by hand.
The dolls are painted by hand, so each doll is unique and inimitable.
The plasticity of these toys is simple, and the painting is colorful and original. This toy is imbued with the warmth of human hands and is close to children in its simplicity and subtle humorous style of depicting the character. This is precisely why the Dymkovo toy attracts modern children. They listen with pleasure to the stories of the craftsmen about the methods of its manufacture and painting.
Bogorodskaya toy.
The village of Bogorodskoye became a major industrial center for the production of wooden toys. For more than 300 years, extraordinary toys carved from linden have been made here. Bogorodsk toys are characterized by fairy-tale and historical plots and weakly painted parts; Some of them, according to the old tradition, are made movable.
Remember, you've probably come across such a toy! These are chickens pecking grains and bears beating an anvil. Mobility is achieved using springs, bars or weights. All Bogorodsk toys are jokey, humorous, dynamic games.
Children love not only to look at them, but also to set them in motion, studying the nature of the mechanics underlying the Bogorodsk toy. In addition, wood is a warm, natural material, completely safe for children.
Apparently, this is why the toy came from antiquity to our time, to entertain and captivate the child. The task before the toy, both then and now, is the same - it serves the child as a friend and teacher, enriches his world with magical energy and draws the child into a fascinating world of fantasy.

Shilova Svetlana Anatolyevna
Teacher of kindergarten No. 25 “Forest Fairy Tale” p.g.t. Mirny district m. Krasnoyarsk, Samara region.

As soon as the baby was born, a toy or “funny game”, as our ancestors called it, became his faithful companion. The smallest children received rattles or “sharkuns”. It could be a dried poppy seed box, a rattle, a bright piece of fabric with bells or pieces of copper sewn on. In addition to entertainment, these toys, according to parents, served to attract a good spirit to the baby, a protective angel protecting the child from evil spirits and the evil eye. A rattle or a ball, symbolizing, according to the ancestors, the sky and the celestial world, seemed to connect the child with the world of good. The most interesting thing is that in the toys of our people you will not find images of an evil or scary character, because in the old days it was believed that such a toy could bring harm to the baby.
As the child grew, the toys around him also changed. They became more complex, helping him learn to walk and independently explore the space around him. For this purpose, various lollipops were made. Everything ingenious is simple. Wheel axles with moving parts were attached to the stick.
The toy captivated the child with the sounds made by the bells or rattles attached to it, the rhythmic movement of the wheels - and the baby began to walk after the stick with the toy attached. It was the turn of the gurney, but already on a rope. Most often it was a horse - as a symbol of the sun. The child felt that his friend was following on his heels, obedient to the will of his master. Thus, for the first time the child could feel like a strong and brave friend for his toy.
Our ancestors were perspicacious and intelligent. Sensitively sensing the nature of the child, they gave him that children's toy that not only entertained, but also educated the baby, preparing him for later life. There were few toys, but each of them taught the child to later life.
What did the village girls play? Of course, in rag dolls.
Mothers deftly made dolls for their daughters from pieces of fabric and rope. Moreover, such a doll was not thrown away; it was carefully kept in the house, passed from daughter to daughter, because peasant families traditionally had many children. The face of such a doll was usually not drawn, and this allowed the child to come up with the character and appearance of a rag girlfriend himself. Our ancestors believed that such games taught a girl to be a good mother and housewife in the future.
What kind of rag dolls were not made in the vast expanses of the Russian land. These are Vepsian dolls, made from scraps of worn-out fabric, personifying a married woman. These are “krupenichki” - pouch dolls in which buckwheat grains were stored for the new harvest.
Such dolls were also made for women who wanted to have children as soon as possible.
This also includes a Christmas angel doll made of fabric, simple, but at the same time unusual. These dolls were used to decorate the Christmas tree.
There were also “swaddle” dolls. Such a children’s doll easily fit in the palm of your hand. She was placed in the cradle of a newborn child, so that she would take upon herself all the evil that was intended for the baby.
Later, such a doll was placed in the baby’s hand, like a kind of finger massager, and was also inserted into the folds of the child’s clothing.
If guests came, they praised the doll, not the baby, for fear of jinxing him.
There were also dolls - “Moskovki” (a doll with 6 children tied to a belt - as a symbol of maternal love and tenderness), “stolbushki” (a doll on birch bark tubes) and fatty “Kostromushki” (a plump doll in an elegant dress, symbolizing satiety and wealth in the house).
There were children's toys characteristic of a particular area. Such toys have survived in our culture to this day.
Dymkovo toy.
This is a very ancient craft. In the old days they celebrated “Whistle Dance” - a holiday where people whistled, danced and had fun, driving away evil spirits. So it happened that in the village of Dymkovo they made whistles and toys.
The whistle was credited with magical properties. It was believed that by whistling, a person could remove damage from himself and even recover, and all the bad things from him would pass on to the enemy, who wished evil and sent the disease. Such toys were traditionally kept near the window.
In the village, entire families made a wide variety of toys from clay. These are ladies, fantastic animals and birds, and cockerels. The fishery has survived to this day. Of course, the methods of making toys have changed a little, but still craftsmen still make such a toy not in a factory way, but by hand.
The dolls are painted by hand, so each doll is unique and inimitable.
The plasticity of these toys is simple, and the painting is colorful and original. This toy is imbued with the warmth of human hands and is close to children in its simplicity and subtle humorous style of depicting the character. This is precisely why the Dymkovo toy attracts modern children. They listen with pleasure to the stories of the craftsmen about the methods of its manufacture and painting.
Bogorodskaya toy.
The village of Bogorodskoye became a major industrial center for the production of wooden toys. For more than 300 years, extraordinary toys carved from linden have been made here. Bogorodsk toys are characterized by fairy-tale and historical plots and weakly painted parts; Some of them, according to the old tradition, are made movable.
Remember, you've probably come across such a toy! These are chickens pecking grains and bears beating an anvil. Mobility is achieved using springs, bars or weights. All Bogorodsk toys are jokey, humorous, dynamic games.
Children love not only to look at them, but also to set them in motion, studying the nature of the mechanics underlying the Bogorodsk toy. In addition, wood is a warm, natural material, completely safe for children.
Apparently, this is why the toy came from antiquity to our time, to entertain and captivate the child. The task before the toy then and now is the same - it serves the child as a friend and teacher, enriches his world with magical energy and draws the child into a fascinating world of fantasy.

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