Summary of the lesson from "Filimonov's toy". Abstract of the lesson "Filimonov toy Abstract of the Filimonov toy
Primary school teacher, MOU "Secondary School No. 8", g.o. Saransk
Theme: Filimonovo folk toy
Lesson type: Presentation of new material with elements of a combined lesson.
The purpose of the lesson
:
introduce children to the Filimonovo folk toy;
Planned results:
Students will get acquainted with the features of the Filimonovo toy;
will improve knowledge of decorative art in the life of society;
will learn to sculpt toys;
get acquainted with the elements of the painting of the Filimonovo toy;
sculpting techniques will be fixed: squeezing, stretching, pinching, smoothing.
will learn to work according to the plan;
listen and hear each other
develop observation, attention, accuracy, fantasy, imagination;
develop fine motor skills of the hands;
develop the ability to compare, contrast;
develop self-esteem and self-control skills.
Forms and methods used in the lesson: story, conversation, computer software - presentation on the topic, visualization method.
Teacher equipment: samples of toys, technological maps, visual aids, computer presentation, folk instrumental music of a lyrical and round dance nature.
Equipment for children: plasticine, individual boards, stacks, cloth, water, thick thread, vaseline, cardboard.
Lesson structure:
Organizing time. - 1 minute.
Topic message. Explanation of new material - 8 min.
Analysis and demonstration of the product - 5 min.
Planning for the upcoming practical work - 2 min.
Practical part - 25 min.
Summing up - 2 min.
Cleaning of workplaces - 2 min.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organizing time.
(The teacher speaks and the children do)
It is a must to start the course.
But first turn around
And smile at each other.
Stretch your fingers.
Raise everyone's eyes
And then we all, of course,
You can start.
2. Post subject. Explanation of new material.
Playing Russian folk music. Today in the lesson we will talk about ... However, you will tell me the topic of our conversation yourself, after a little prompt.
The first clue is music, today it will sound throughout the lesson (music sounds, children call its character).
The second clue is hidden in this box. Here we will open it now (there are toys in the box, their demonstration against the background of music).
Well, who will tell me what will be discussed today?
Quite right!
Do you like to play? And you all probably have a favorite toy. When do you think the first toy appeared?
A long time ago! Back in primitive society, which you already know about from history lessons, farmers made a figure of a woman out of clay, decorated it with grains of wheat, drew patterns on them and threw them into the fire. It was a magical rite that was supposed to bring fertility to the fields, and when the figures cooled down, they were given to children to play with. This is how the first toys appeared. In ancient Egypt, four thousand years ago, dolls were cut out of thin boards and painted with a geometric pattern. Greece and Rome were famous for their toys made of clay and wood. Archaeologists find figurines made of clay at the site of Slavic settlements - where our ancestors lived. In Russia, toys were made everywhere. They were not created for fun, they were credited with a special power - to protect, protect people from all evil. In each locality, birds, horses, ladies acquired their own special look. So such toys appeared - they seem to be the same, but at the same time they are different.
So, today we will get acquainted with the Filimonov toy, and for this I suggest that we watch a presentation on this topic (application)
3. Product analysis and demonstration.
Let's sum up the review:
What shape does the Filimonovo toy have?
Let's see now: how is the toy decorated?
What colors prevail in the Filimonovo toy?
And what elements of painting do you see on the toy?
What did they mean? What did the masters want to depict on their toys?
Who will say what the circle could mean?
What could a wavy or broken line mean?
What did the cell mean?
Each symbol conveyed an image of nature that surrounded a person.
And what did the female figure in the toy mean?
The shape of each toy, color, painting pattern give the toy a unique charm, originality, make it different from others.
Who made the toys?
What are the toys made from?
And what did they do with the molded toys? Were they painted right away?
And what was the name of the device for firing, what did it actually represent?
Why is the toy called folk?
Now I suggest you become toy craftsmen. Today we will also sculpt toys, and in the next lesson we will paint them with beautiful bright colors. Today we will sculpt a Filimonov bird.
Guys, what kind of birds do you know?
How is a bird different from other animals?
What body parts does a bird have?
What is the bird's body shape? Head shape? Neck? What is the shape of the tail? What are the beaks?
See how the birds sculpted by the Filimonovo masters look like.
What is the body shape of birds?
What size are these toys?
What colors are used in painting birds?
What material are the birds made of?
What unites these birds?
Please note that all birds are on a stand. What shape is the stand?
Look at the sequence diagram for sculpting a bird. How many pieces of plasticine do we need to prepare? What will we sculpt from the first piece? What from the second? Are the pieces the same size?
So the bird is molded froma whole piece with pulling the neck, head, tail. This piece of plasticine will be large. From a piece of a smaller size we will sculpt a stand.
You can sculpt any bird you want. It can be a cockerel, a duck, a hen, a peacock, and even a firebird. Only you will need to make it so as to preserve the traditions of the Filimonov masters.
Planning for future practical activities.
So, let's get to work.
But first, let's recall the main stages of working with plasticine.
1. What material are we working with.
2. What tools are needed for the job
4. What additional materials still have to work with.
Now let's remember how to work in the classroom.
To create something
Technique and rules
Need to repeat.
(Children remember the rules for working with stacks or a knife)
We repeat the technique of making the product according to the instruction cards.
(Instruction cards posted on the board)
Fizkultminutka. Speech warm-up and simultaneous exercises
Craftsmen lived in Russia
Made a lot
painted roosters,
golden combs
For health, for order
We all do exercises.
Once - sit down,
Two - sit down.
They quietly sat down to work.
Practical part.
Students begin practical activities: lightly grease their palms with petroleum jelly, choose a block of plasticine, knead it, squeeze it into a ball and, using the necessary techniques, complete the task on their own.
If necessary, the teacher provides appropriate assistance to students.
6. Summing up.
Works are exhibited on a separate table. The whole class analyzes the work, the children share their opinions about which birds they liked and why. (The teacher needs to organize everything so that there are no children who would leave the lesson upset because they didn’t succeed. It is necessary to mark and highlight the work of almost all students, find their own zest in each work, but also correctly point out limitations)- the product is well made.
Completion of the lesson with a speech warm-up.
Lesson is over
Here is the call again.
Everything that needs to be done.
You can rest.
Theme: Filimonov toy.
Lesson Objectives
To acquaint children with a new folk craft for them - the Filimonov whistle. To acquaint with the characteristic features of this craft (material, shape, color, pattern).
Master the simplest elements of Filimonov painting - stripes, "herringbones". To teach to analyze the symbolism of the painting of the Filimonovo toy, to correctly use the main colors of the craft. To teach children to generalize their knowledge, analyze new material and apply it in practice. Develop graphic skills in depicting elements of a pattern based on folk motives.
To instill in children an interest and love for the art of their people, a sense of responsibility for the preservation and development of artistic traditions; to deepen the aesthetic impressions from the folk and decorative arts of the country. To give children the opportunity to feel like a folk master.
Student equipment
model for coloring "Filimonov toy"
paints
brushes
jar for water
paper
napkin
simple pencil
Teacher equipment
Filimonov toys
posters "Filimonov toy"
presentation
Introduction.
Listen to the sound of a whistle.
What are you listening to now?
How many of you know what the whistles were made of?
The whistle is a sound toy made from fired clay.
Many centuries ago, among our pagan ancestors, the whistle was not at all child's play, it was used as a magical tool for communicating with spirits, for example, to ask the sky for rain in the summer heat. Our ancestors also loved to whistle at home - it was believed that the melody of the whistle drives out evil spirits from the home. Often, whistles were hung around the necks of young children - both fun and an excellent singing amulet. And the superstition "do not whistle - there will be no money" - this is just a myth that was invented trying to wean people from pagan habits.
In the lesson, we will get acquainted with clay whistles, and we will find out which ones by listening to the guys.
With what kind of toy we will get acquainted, we will find out by listening to the guys.
There is a village near Tula,
The name is Filimonovo.
And the masters live there,
What good is brought to the house.
And good there is not simple,
And not gold, silver.
Filimonovo toy
It's called.
Strongly elongated necks
And a cow, like a giraffe,
And the bear, that the Serpent Gorynych,
It's just that.
To animals, birds, horses,
Young ladies, soldiers,
Both cows and bears
The guys liked it.
So that the heart warms with goodness and beauty
And so that the fairy tale never leaves us.
Learning new material. A conversation about the history of the development of the fishery and
traditional ornament of the Filimonovo toy
Today we will get to know
an amazingly beautiful clay toy - Filimonovo, we will find out how it is painted, what the ornament on toys means and we ourselves will be Filimonov masters.
In the very heart of Russia, not far from the ancient city of Odoev, Tula region, on the high bank of the Una River stands the village of Filimonovo.
Who and when made the first toys here is unknown, it is only known that they have been made for centuries.
One of the legends says that the potter Filimon came to these places, discovered deposits of excellent clay and began to mold pots and toys from it.
The place where he settled was called Filimonovo. There is even a fairy tale about grandfather Filimon: the grandfather walked along the road, climbed from mountain to mountain, from hill to hill. He walked, he walked through dense forests, the sun shone brightly. It became hot, and then a stream. He sat down on a pebble, and then clay. He turned it in his hands - it turned out to be a bird, pierced holes - the bird sang.
So since then the “clay business” has been conducted.
Filimonov's toys are whistles, even ladies and gentlemen. The whistle is always in the tail of animals and birds. The toy is distinguished by a special grace of forms, a kind of plasticity, an elongated proportion. This is because the natural properties of the local clay, oily and plastic, are reflected in the shape of the toys. A toy is molded from ancient clay, which originated at a time when dinosaurs walked the earth. It is very ancient, it has a lot of pigment that colors it, organics. So it's almost black. It is mined in a quarry at a depth of 2-3 meters. She casts an ultramarine color. Unlike blue, ultramarine is more saturated. Filimonovskaya clay is a natural mass preparation. You don't have to do anything with her. She took it, soaked it, kneaded it like dough and sculpted it.
Filimonovskaya clay, when dried, quickly becomes covered with cracks, it has to be constantly smoothed out with a wet hand, involuntarily narrowing and stretching the torso of the figure. While the clay dries, the toy is stroked many times, “pulled up”, leveling its surface. It takes five days to “pull up” and smooth it. With each such pull-up, the toys lengthen in proportion.
But the beauty and originality of the toy is not only in the special qualities of local clay, but also in the shape and painting.
The main thing that strikes when looking at the Filimonovo toy is its bold painting. They began to paint the Filimonov whistle only in the middle of the last century, when aniline paints appeared. At first, the paints were diluted "on a full egg", and the painting was rich in natural tones. Unfortunately, it quickly faded and withered. Then the craftswomen began to use acetone. The colors have become more persistent, bright, even somewhat piercingly poisonous.
Until now, toys have taken chicken and duck feathers for painting, “after all, a feather holds paint better and is stronger,” say the Filimonov women. And now they write with feathers: paint from a brush does not stick to clean clay, and villi remain, and from a feather it lies cleanly and evenly.
Whistles are painted directly on white baked clay, with fancy stripes - yellow, purple, green, less often blue and purple. In addition, the craftswomen vary the color. A blue smear falls on yellow - it turns out green, red on yellow - gives orange. The painting is built according to the traditional scheme:
first impose yellow stripes and spots;
then they are circled in red;
then green, blue, sometimes purple.
Lemon, raspberry, brilliant green - this is how the craftswomen affectionately call their paints.
red - a symbol of the earth, fortitude, fire and beauty
yellow - the color of the sun and air
green is the color of foliage and rebirth
Craftswomen always begin to write from the center, and the painting is already developing further from it, obeying their instinct and imagination. All these patterns are reminiscent of the connections between man and nature. Christmas trees, circles, suns that masters use are very ancient ritual signs. However, according to an old belief, the symbols in the patterns carried a spiritual power that could conjure any evil and injustice of the elemental forces of nature. These symbolic signs, which came to us from ancient ritual holidays, are with magical symbols.
In the Filimonovo toy, we see symbols of the sun, earth, water, fertility. The signs of the sun are very diverse and are depicted by circles with rays, there is even an image of the night sun. The sign of water is stripes in the form of triangles. Rain is indicated by dashed lines.
Filimonov village!
Blue forest, hills, slope.
They sculpt a toy out of clay
And they are still painting.
(V. Vasilenko)
The toy survived and has come down to our times, and now very few people are sculpting it in Odoev.
Now we will go to visit the hereditary craftswoman, the People's Master of Russia Elena Alekseevna Orlova.
- Elena Alekseevna’s ability to make a Filimonov toy is hereditary: her grandmother Anna Iosifovna Derbeneva, mother Maslennikova Valentina Nikolaevna and many relatives owned the skill
And so Elena Alekseevna sits down in a chair and gets to work. Right before our eyes, a horse appears from a gray piece of clay, and a few minutes later a brave rider has already sat on it. Skillful hands of the craftswoman carefully iron the entire toy so that it is smooth, without cracks.
Holes are made in the whistle with a “birdie” stick so that the sound is iridescent.
A freshly molded horse "knows how" to whistle!
Then the craftswoman sends her toys into a red-hot furnace.
- There future whistles are burned and become soft - white.
- Dried and baked toys are waiting to be painted.
Explanation of the sequence of painting the toy.
Question: Look carefully at the toys. What colors are used in painting?
For painting, craftswomen take yellow, red, green colors. And also the blue and purple color, which is often used to paint caftans both in animals and birds Lemon, raspberry, brilliant green - this is how the craftswomen affectionately call their paints.
Each toy has a unique pattern.
Practical work. Step-by-step painting of a toy.
So we will try to become real folk craftsmen and paint models of the Filimonov toy.
You will decorate a cockerel. On your desks there are plates with elements of the Filimonov painting. They will help you while you work. Keep order in the workplace. Remember:
"Everything is shaky because of disorder."
Work carefully, try hard. After all, it was not in vain that folk masters said:
What works, such and fruits.
And so that your work will be better argued, I will turn on the Filimonovsky waltz for you ..
Let's start painting the Filimonovsky cockerel
The first step is to “yellow” the toy. On the white background of the burnt toy, the first color is applied - yellow.
We take a thick brush No. 3, start painting from the center of the toy, apply a fragment of the sun, an arc and five "rays" - straight lines, three straight lines on the tail (we apply paint from center to edge), two wide stripes on the neck. We try to make their contour even. Finished in yellow. Wash the brush well.
We apply red on the scallop, beak, along the cuts of the stripes on the neck, on the tail we apply the ornament of the Christmas tree, on the leg the ornament of the mountains, and along the edges of the yellow stripes.
We complete the decoration with red paint.
3. Now we take the green color. The lines are thin. Brush number 1. The painting is carried out between the red lines. Draw thin lines
Lesson summary
Who considers his work successful, who did it takes a green circle.
Who counts. What needs to be worked on, something did not work out-yellow.
Come out to the board.
Why is the toy called Filimonovskaya?
What is the peculiarity of Filimonov toys? (An elongated body, painted on baked white clay, special elements are symbols: the sun, water, fertility and earth.)
What colors are traditional for painting toys? (Red, green, yellow, blue, purple and burgundy can also be used
Municipal preschool educational institution
kindergarten №20 combined type
Abstract of a lesson on visual activity in the senior group
"Painting of Filimonovo and Dymkovo toys".
Prepared
Educator Kapranova E.M.
Program content:
To acquaint children with the products of folk craftsmen, to give an idea of the methods of their manufacture and the features of painting; fix the names of some types of folk toys: Filimonov whistles, Dymkovo toys; develop auditory and visual attention, the ability to compare; exercise in applying patterns of the appropriate subject; develop accuracy and respect for folk art.
Development environment:
Ladies, Filimonov whistles, Dymkovo toys, subject pictures depicting Dymkovo and Filimonov toys, paints, brushes, jars of water, napkins.
Preliminary work:
1. Conversation about arts and crafts.
2 Drawing patterns of Dymkovo and Filimonov painting.
Course progress.
presenter
-Guys, which of you was in the museum?
-Do you know what a museum is (children's answers) A museum is a place where various things that have their own history are collected and exhibited for viewing.
-Do you want to visit the museum? Today we will go to the museum of folk toys for an excursion. What is an excursion you know (children's answers). A tour is an acquaintance with something, and the person who conducts the tour is called a guide.
Let's remember what we refer to folk toys (matryoshka dolls, whistles, clay toys
Look guys, this is a Filimonov toy. In the village of Filimonovo, clay toys - whistles - have long been made. Whistles were made in the form of birds, horses, bears, young ladies, soldiers. Toys were made from gray or blue clay, which turned white and pink after firing. Then the figures were painted.
Filimonovo toys were born in the village of Filimonovo, Tula region. The village is located near deposits of good clay. Perhaps this determined her craft (the legend says that grandfather Filimon lived in these places, he made toys). Toys were made in winter, in their free time from rural work. Then they were sold at fairs and bazaars in the nearest county towns and in Tula. The plots of the Filimonovo toy are traditional - these are ladies, peasant women, soldiers, dancing couples, horse riders; from animals - cows, sheep, horses, bears; from birds - chickens, roosters and much more. Unlike Dymkovo toys, all Filimonov toys are whistles. The whistle is always in the tail of the animals and birds they hold. There are simple and more complex patterns, especially on the ladies' skirts: a branched "herringbone", a bright "berry", a radiant "asterisk", or "sun", sparkle, intertwine into joyful patterned inflorescences. The circle denotes the sun in the painting, the triangle - the earth, Christmas trees and sprouts - a symbol of vegetation and life. All these patterns are reminiscent of the connections between man and nature. Despite the fact that the ornament and coloring of the painting is very simple, the toys after painting look very bright and festive, expressive and good-natured.
Guys, what patterns did Filimonov's toys paint with? How many colors were used in the painting? (painted with stripes, only four colors: red, yellow, green and blue).
Filimonov's toys have elongated proportions, soft shape outlines, they look graceful, slender
the necks are strongly elongated, so that the horse looks more like a giraffe, and the birds look like fabulous mountain snakes. The sculpture of these toys is so unique that you can't confuse them with any other toys"
We move on to the next exhibit - this is a Dymkovo toy.
These toys are made of clay in the village of Dymkovo near the Russian city of Vyatka. There was a lot of red clay in the vicinity of the village of Dymkovo. First, the clay is chopped several times with a shovel, then rolled into balls, pancakes are rolled out of the balls, and already the desired shape is folded from the pancakes. Then the figurine was dried in the sun for several days, then fired in an oven. After firing, the figurine was covered with chalk diluted in milk, and then painted.
- On winter evenings, the inhabitants of the village of Dymkovo painted dressed up dandy, dashing horsemen, important turkeys, horses, sheep, pigs. They painted the figures with yellow black, green, red stripes and circles creating unique images. The shape of the toys is smooth, and the silhouette is light and round. Young ladies always have a magnificent hairstyle and an elegant headdress. All products of Dymkovo masters are distinguished by cheerfulness, brightness in painting. Let's see with you the patterns of the main patterns - cells, ovals, circles, dots, wavy stripes.
A circle - in a Dymkovo toy means the sun, wavy lines - water, and the intersection of straight lines (rhombus) - the earth. The characteristic colors of toys are yellow, blue, green, red, crimson.
And the craftsmen not only made toys, in their free time they had fun at the holidays and played folk games. Let's play a game called "Carousel".
Barely, Barely, Barely, Barely
The carousels spin.
And then, then, then
Everyone run, run, run.
Hush, hush, don't run
Stop the carousel.
One, two. One, two -
Here the game is over.
Russian folk music "Barynya" sounds, the group includes the Dymkovo lady
I am a young girl
I love festivities
Well, a miracle - workshops
I will never get around
I'm a business girl
Where to find such
I am a painted toy, Vyatka laughter,
Sloboda dandy, gossip posadskaya
My hands are a pretzel, my cheeks are like apples.
Known to me for a long time
All the people at the fair.
- Hello guys! Did you recognize me?
- I heard how you play merrily, and decided to visit you, but I came to you with gifts. Guess my riddles:
Colored blouses, painted skirts,
Three-story hats Stately and important (Dymkovo barshn)
Tail patterned Boots with spurs
I get up very early, I don’t let the children sleep! (cockerel)
Look, a lush tail He is not at all simple - Like a sunny flower, And a high scallop? Red paint grief, Like a king's crown (turkey)
Dense grasses entwined, Meadows curled up, Yes, and I myself am all curly, Even with a curl of a horn (ram).
Chock, chock, piglet. Pink hook on the back. In the middle of the barrel. The voice is thin, the call. Who is it, guess! This is ... (piggy)
A beard runs along the path, and legs (goat).
- Miss, what wonderful riddles you have. You sit down, take a rest from the path, and the guys and I will also make gifts for you. Now the guys will read poetry for you.
1In Dymkovo, across the Vyatka River
Precious continuing work,
Not looking for rest in old age
Glorious workers live
2 Someone made a turkey - fluffy sides
Someone suddenly became a peacock
Someone fashioned a tit immediately became more fun
Masters and craftswomen appeared in the village.
3 Through mountain spurs,
Through the rooftops of the villages
redhorn yellowhorn
Dymkovo deer rushing
4 Look how good this soul girl is
Scarlet cheeks burn, amazing outfit,
Sitting kokoshnik cute lady you are so beautiful!
Thank you guys for the poems, you made me happy!
Presenter:
Do you guys want to try yourself as students of Vyatka masters? Let's take another look at the Dymkovo and Filimonov toys and name the main patterns. Now we move on to our workshop.
- Guys, let's make gifts for our guest. We will write for her the same young ladies as she is.
Let's start painting the young ladies.
Guys, let's look at all the work that we got.
- What beautiful ladies we have turned out! The teacher, together with the children, gives the Dymkovo mistress Dymkovo ladies from clay.
Lady - Thank you very much for such a wonderful gift! And I want to give you gifts.
Summary of the lesson:
- Guys, where have we been today? And what toys did we see in the museum? What is the difference between Dymkovo toys and Filimonov toys. Who came to visit us? What have we done for the Dymkovo mistress? Did you like our activity?
Yashkinsky district
Program "Artistic Modeling"
Lesson summary number 2
Compiled by:
teacher MBOU DOD
"The House for arts and crafts for children
Yashkinsky municipal district "
Yashkino 2011
Lesson summary plan
"Filimonov toy - whistle" No. 2
"Painting toys - whistles"
Topic: Filimonovo whistle toy.
Target: Raising respect for the cultural traditions of the people through a practical acquaintance with the Filimonov whistle toy.
Tasks:
· To teach the technological features of the Filimonovo toy painting.
- Develop attention, logical and spatial thinking. Encourage students to be independent when working on a product.
Lesson type: combined lesson.
Methods and forms of conducting: visual, verbal and practical methods.
Lesson equipment:
1. For a teacher:
2. For students: brushes, gouache, a jar of water, paper, PVA glue.
Illustrative row:
finished products (“Horse”, “Deer”, “Sheep”, “Goat”), photographs, illustrations of original products of craftsmen, tables “Characteristic ornaments”, “Patterns”, “Filimonov flowers”, “Filimonov colors and elements” .
Test tasks: silhouettes of modern objects and things, the crossword "Toy".
Lesson progress:
1. Organizational part.
Cheerful Russian folk music sounds, the children enter the office and settle down in their places. Checking readiness for class, marking absent.
2. Post subject.
Teacher: Hello guys! The topic of our lesson is "Filimonov's toy - a whistle", painting a whistle. This is our final lesson with a clay toy.
3. Motivation and goal setting.
What should you learn in class? (The history and distinctive features of the Filimonovo toy - whistles).
What should be learned in class? (They must learn to sculpt a toy - a whistle).
Where can we apply knowledge? (In the lesson, at home, we can introduce the technology of sculpting toys - whistles).
4. Learning new material.
Teacher: - Today, we will paint our Filimonov toys, but first they need to be whitewashed, since we sculpted not from white clay, but from red. (I show the process of whitewashing, the students are watching carefully). Children perform whitewashing toys.
Teacher: - While the toy dries, we will talk about the elements of Filimonov's patterns.
Teacher: - Previously, Filimonovo craftswomen painted their toys with bright aniline paints mixed on an egg, applying them with a chicken feather. We will paint them with gouache paints.
Teacher: - The painting is built according to the traditional scheme: colored stripes run along the form, alternating with sonorous local spots. There are also complex patterns, especially on ladies' skirts: a branched "herringbone", a bright "berry", a radiant "asterisk", or "sun", sparkle, intertwine into joyful patterned inflorescences. (I demonstrate toys, illustrations).
Teacher: - Name the main elements of the ornament.
Teacher: - What colors do masters use to paint toys?
Teacher: - The circle denotes the sun in the painting, the triangle - the earth, Christmas trees and sprouts - a symbol of vegetation and life. All these patterns are reminiscent of the connections between man and nature. Despite the fact that the ornament and coloring of the painting is very simple, the toys after painting look very bright and festive, expressive and good-natured. The faces of the figurines always remain white, and only small strokes outline the nose, eyes, and mouth. These figurines are difficult to confuse with any others, as they have their own traditions in the interpretation of painting and form.
Teacher: - Now, you have to sketch a pattern for your toy.
Students try to paint individual elements of the Filimonov painting. Then they make a sketch of the painting - they think over the pattern of the toy
Teacher: - Now, we will arrange a small but fun break.
5. Dynamic pause.
In the morning the gander got up on its paws,
Ready to charge.
He looked to the right, to the left.
(Head turns left and right.)
Squats did boldly.
(Squats.)
Pinched a little fluff.
(Hands bent at the elbows, children move to the sides, imitate tingling.)
And with a run into the water - plop!
(Jump forward.)
The mice came out once
See what time it is.
(Walking in place.)
One two three four -
The mice pulled the weights.
(Raising and lowering hands.)
Suddenly there was a terrible ringing - the mice ran away.
(Running in place.)
The grains have been eaten
Silence was heard.
(Children sit quietly in their seats.)
6. Practical work .
In the process of independent work, the teacher provides individual assistance to students.
Painting sequence:
1. Coloring of the main local spots.
2. Drawing an ornament according to the shape of the figurine, according to the sketch.
7. Stage of control and evaluation.
Teacher: - Guys, you and I went through a big course of folk ceramic toys: we studied the technology of modeling Dymkovo and Filimonovo toys, colors and ornaments characteristic of painting, molded and painted toys.
Teacher: Now I need to test your knowledge. Now, you have to find a use for the ornament by painting any silhouette blank you like, for example, a teapot. ( I offer a variety of silhouettes of modern objects or things to choose from. Students write.)
Teacher: - After you need to solve the crossword "Toy". (I distribute worksheets with the task to students, explain the way to solve the crossword puzzle).
Our lesson has come to an end. Goodbye.
Bibliography
1. Alferov, L. G. Painting technology. Wood. Metal. Ceramics. Fabrics. Series "Training course". / yorov. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2001. - 352p.
2. Dorozhin, Yu. G. Filimonov whistles. Workbook on the basics of folk art [Text] / . - Publishing house "Mosaic-Synthesis", "Karapuz".
3. Filimonovo toy [Text]: a visual aid for teachers and parents /. - Publishing house "Karapuz". "Karapuz".
4. Artistic crafts near Moscow. Album. Publishing house "Moscow worker", 1982.
5. Utkin, P. I. Folk art crafts [Text]: textbook. for prof. textbook establishments /, yova. - M .: Higher. School, 1992. – 159 p.
Electronic resource:
1. DVD - disc, Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius, 2007.
2. , . Article "Filimonov's toy".
FILIMONOVSKAYA TOY - WHISTLE
FILIMONOVSKIY COLORS AND ELEMENTS
CHARACTERISTIC ORNAMENTS:
STRIPES AND CHRISTMAS
PATTERNS ON "TAILS" AND "SKIRTS"
FILIMONOVSKIE FLOWERS
Pottery has become a craft based on the rich clay reserves here. As in most pottery crafts, the craftsmen worked as a family, handing over products to dealers or selling them on their own in the bazaar. Only in one nearby city of Odoev, seven annual fairs were held, and the Filimonov craftswomen prepared the best goods for them.
As a rule, men only made dishes, while women sculpted and painted toys. Toys or "amusements" cost a penny in the market, so it was necessary to make a lot of them. Women were assisted in their work by girls who were taught the craft from the age of 7-8. They worked in the winter in their free time from rural work.
Features of the Filimonovo toy
Conventionally, all toys can be divided into several groups:
1) people - a soldier, a mistress, an accordion player, a boy on a rooster, a horseman, a soldier with a goose.
2) animals - deer, cow, horse, ram, goat, dog, cat, fox.
3) birds - rooster, mother hen, peacock, duck.
4) multi-figure compositions - tea drinking, troika, carousel, tree, on a bench, George with a snake.
Look at the unusual Filimonov toys. Why are they so elongated? It turns out that the whole thing is in the natural properties of local clay. Filimonovskaya clay is oily and plastic. When drying, the clay quickly becomes covered with cracks, it has to be constantly smoothed out with a wet hand, involuntarily narrowing and stretching the torso of the figure. From here, refined, elongated, but surprisingly elegant forms appear.
But not only the shape, but also the painting makes the toy fabulous and original. After firing, products made from such clay acquire an even white color, on which paints are clearly visible, burning with all the multicolors of the rainbow. That is why the Filimonovo toy is called "little rainbow" or "sun".
They began to paint the Filimonov whistle only in the middle of the last century. At first, the paints were diluted “on a full egg”, and the painting was rich in natural tones. Unfortunately, it quickly faded and withered. Then the craftswomen began to use acetone. The colors have become more resistant, brighter.
For painting, they took goose, chicken or duck feathers, "after all, a feather holds paint better and is stronger." And now they write with feathers: paint from a brush does not stick to clean clay, and villi remain, and from a feather it lies cleanly and evenly.
(The teacher shows a presentation of the phased painting of the Filimonovo toy. Draws attention to the features of the Filimonovo painting)
Whistles are painted directly on white baked clay, with fancy stripes - yellow, red, green, less often blue and purple. Craftswomen always begin to write from the center, and the painting is already developing further from it, obeying their instinct and imagination. The painting is built according to the traditional scheme:
First, yellow stripes and spots are applied;
Then they are circled in red;
Then green, blue, sometimes purple.
Lemon, raspberry, brilliant green - this is how the craftswomen affectionately call their paints. Despite the relative stinginess of their palette, toys are bright and cheerful.
Question: What pattern are Filimonov toys decorated with?
These unpretentious patterns express the ancient symbolism of the peasant religion. The circle is the sun, the triangle is the earth, the Christmas trees are a symbol of vegetation and fertility. All patterns remind us of the connections between man and nature. According to an old belief, the symbols in the patterns carried spiritual power that could protect from evil and injustice.
Animals and birds are always painted according to a certain scheme: alternating multi-colored stripes run across the body and neck, and only the head and chest are painted in one color, often green or red.
Sweatshirts for ladies and shirts for soldiers of the Filimonovo toy are usually painted in one color: red, green, yellow. But how much fiction appears in the craftswomen when they draw an ornament on the skirts, aprons and pants of their dolls! Only the faces of the toys remain pure white, only the dots are the eyes, the spots are the mouth.
Please note that all toys, except for the cockerel and peacock, are whistles. And all the toys you can whistle.
Question: Where is the whistle?
In the tail of animals and birds. The young ladies have whistles hidden in jugs, the soldiers in geese.
A folk toy is a significant phenomenon in Russian culture; it reflects in a peculiar way the life, work and worldview of several generations of people. The Filimonovskaya whistle, which glorified its village, in our country and far beyond its borders, must be preserved for the future.
