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CJSC Bayer is the Russian office of the international wide-profile concern Bayer. The areas of interest of this company include healthcare, agriculture and light industry (production of polyurethane and polycarbonate products).

The medical subconcern of Bayer JSC specializes in the development, testing and production of modern pharmaceuticals and medical products. The task of the Russian division is to introduce Bayer medicines to the market. The company's product portfolio includes both prescription and over-the-counter drugs. One of the company’s narrow specializations is the development and production of glycemic level monitoring systems, which are in demand in endocrinology. The company's pharmaceutical production facilities are located in Germany, in Leverkusen.

Bayer also develops drugs for the treatment of animals, as well as care products for domestic and farm animals. Some of the company's products are in demand in the automotive industry, agriculture, and everyday life.

JSC Bayer produces the following drugs:

• drug from the group of chondroprotectors Teraflex, used for osteoarthritis to strengthen and restore articular cartilage;


• line of skin protection and treatment products Bepanten, which includes Bepanthen cream to prevent dry skin, Bepanten ointment for the prevention of diaper dermatitis and diaper rash, Bepanten Plus, which has a complex antiseptic effect;


• Bepantol emulsion– a remedy for stretch marks and Bepantol cooling foam for first aid for sun and other skin burns;


• medicine Skinoren for the treatment of acne;


• glucocorticoid drug Advantan in the form of a cream, emulsion, and ointment, the drug is effective for skin itching of various etiologies;


• hypoallergenic product for the care of dry, sensitive skin – Dardia;


• balanced multivitamin complexes Supradin(recommended for adults) and Supradin Kids(for children from 3 years old);


• vitamins Elevit-pronatal– vitamin and mineral complex for pregnant women;


• vitamin complex Berocca plus to restore and maintain overall performance;


• heartburn remedy– antacid drug Rennie;


• remedy for hemorrhoids Relief in the form of rectal suppositories;


• calcium supplement in combination with vitamin D3 – Calcemin Advance for the prevention of calcium deficiency and treatment of osteoporosis;


• vasoconstrictors sprays Nazol, Nazol Advance, as well as sprays for children - Nazol Baby And Nazol Kids;


• preparations based on acetylsalicylic acid – Aspirin-S And Aspirin Complex;


• antipyretic Antiflu Kids for children;


• painkiller Alkazeltzer, used primarily for hangovers to treat headaches and other symptoms;


• combined analgesic Saridon, effective for dental, menstrual and muscle pain;


• glucose level measuring device – blood glucose meter CONTOUR™ TS and a device for taking blood for analysis - MICROLET™2;


• contrast agents Magnevist, Ultravist and Gadovist and systems for their introduction;


• drugs Xarelto and Aspirin Cardio for the prevention of thromboembolic complications;


• fluoroquinolone antibiotics Tsiprobay And Avelox;


• Levitra drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction;


• hormonal agent Nebido, a testosterone analogue for the treatment of deficiency of this hormone in men;


• oral contraceptives Visanne, Jess Plus, Yarina Plus, Angelica And Mirena, which also have a therapeutic effect for certain diseases of the female genital area;


• antitumor drug Nexavar, used to treat certain types of cancer;


• drug for the treatment of occlusive arterial diseases – Ilomedin, the use of which can significantly alleviate the condition of patients;


• Iloprost– a remedy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

When purchasing medications, pay attention to who the manufacturer of the purchased drug is. If you see a cross from the company name on the packaging, then you can be sure that the manufacturer is Bayer. This is a sign of time-tested quality. Ask your parents, and they will probably confirm that the medicines from this manufacturer are of the highest quality and effectiveness. Bayer is an international organization. The structure includes about 300 representative companies located in different countries of the world.

Story

From the very first days of its opening, the founders set themselves the goal of producing only high-quality products that are aimed at benefiting people and improving their quality of life. This is not just a credo, but also a path to success. It is impossible to build a business to last if you skimp on quality.

It is surprising that the Bayer company was created back in the 19th century. In 1863 it was organized in Germany, in the city of Barmen. But the name was given to the company not in consonance with the place. It’s just that one of the leaders who was at the helm at that time was called Friedrich Bayer. By the way, at that time there was no talk about the production of medicines, although there were ideas and plans. The very first developments were related to the production of dyes.

Growth and development

The Bayer company gradually gained experience and increased production volumes. It soon split into three separate branches. The first is engaged in development and the second is Consumer Health, it produces over-the-counter drugs. The third branch specializes in the field of plant protection. This division helped to maintain the highest standards in terms of quality.

Modern realities

Today, Bayer is not only a leading manufacturer of drugs, but also a world-famous employer. In 2016, the number of employees of this giant concern was about 120 thousand people. This is a huge number. Sales volume is about 5 billion euros per year. Of course, the company's costs also amount to millions. But management spares no expense on new developments.

First drugs

Now let's go back a little and see which drug was developed in the first years of the company's work. The very first project of the pharmaceutical company Bayer was the invention of acetylsalicylic acid. And today this drug remains known and used. It is in every medicine cabinet, and it is known as “Aspirin”.

The concern's inventions were not always for the benefit of humanity. Around the same years, the production of another drug called “Heroin” began. No, at that time they did not yet know about its narcotic properties; it was used exclusively for peaceful purposes, to treat coughs. Later, its other properties were discovered, which turned into a tragedy for humanity.

Quality assurance

Pharm. From the very first day, Bayer strictly monitored compliance with the declared quality. That is why the medicines still produced are valued on the world market. The concern is very jealous of its rights to new developments. Therefore, both created drugs were registered as trademarks and belonged to her unchanged until the First World War.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the company registered its own logo. This is the buyer's cross that is still familiar today. But at that time, tablets and drugs were dispensed by doctors or pharmacists and did not have their own packaging. Therefore, the concern made a very cunning move, which was still new on the market at that time. For brand recognition, they began to print the logo directly on the tablets. In fact, it is a very convenient and practical marketing ploy.

Further developments

Bayer's history is one of thousands of lives saved. Representatives of the concern have always been engaged in research activities. Even today, these developments are very important and are used by pharmaceutical companies around the world. The period of World War II became a dark part of the company's history. It was during this period that chemists working in the concern produced gas that was used in concentration camps. Historical documents contain direct evidence that prisoners were used for scientific experiments and testing of new drugs.

Contemporary history of the concern

After the end of World War II, the company's assets were sold to pay for war reparations. But Bayer's drugs were needed and important, so the English representatives decided to revive the company. It is from this time that one can begin the countdown of its modern history.

Since developments made it possible to produce a wide variety of groups of drugs, the enterprise was again divided into various branches, including:

• Bayer CropScience AG - production of insecticides.
• Bayer HealthCare AG - pharmaceuticals.
• Bayer MaterialScience AG - high-tech polymers.

Return to the world stage

Only at the end of the 20th century was the company able to recover so much that it was possible to think about development. And the first step was the acquisition of an American company that produced over-the-counter drugs. Now the concern has again secured the Aspirin trademark. From this moment its rapid growth and development begins. In America, drugs with their own logo are being mass produced.

Here, in the United States, the company’s second research institute will be opening very soon. Numerous studies and developments are underway. Almost immediately after, a research center opened in Japan. This made it possible to very quickly increase capacity and enter the global market. Today there is no country whose pharmacies do not sell drugs with a memorable cross.

Research works

Currently, despite the widest range of manufactured products, research continues to be carried out, aimed at creating new substances. In parallel with this, biotechnological production is developing. The company's specialists work under the slogan: “Innovation for life.” Today, priorities are given to developments in the field of oncology, cardiology, diagnostic imaging, and women's health. A separate topic of the latest developments is improving the quality of life with multiple sclerosis.

The medical company Bayer, in addition to aspirin and heroin, also invented a drug called Prontosil. This is the first sulfonamide in history. But it has quite a few contraindications, so the company began further studying this area. The next invention was the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. It was widely used to treat anthrax as well as urinary tract infections. According to reviews of domestic consumers, the drug is effective and efficient.

Modern drugs

Recent research is aimed at the invention of new substances that could more effectively help in the treatment of certain diseases. Biotechnological production is growing and developing, which allows it to meet the needs of the modern pharmaceutical industry. On what preparations can you see the famous cross today? It’s quite difficult to list everything, so let’s limit ourselves to only the most famous:

• Preparations for the treatment of colds and flu - "Teraflex", "Nazol".
• "Relief".
• "Calcemin".
• Contraceptive drugs - Yaz and Yasmin.
• Skin care products - "Bepanten" and "Panthenol".
• Contour and Elite blood glucose meters.

The company's new product is a drug that helps reliably diagnose Alzheimer's disease in a patient. In this vein, the company's new product is Florbetaben.

The second drug that is recommended to pay attention to is Madecassol ointment. This is a wonderful medicine that has fantastic wound healing properties. It is used to accelerate the healing of postoperative wounds. According to numerous reviews, it is also excellent for healing shallow cuts, burns and frostbite. What makes this effect possible? The active components of the drug activate collagen production, reduce swelling, thereby minimizing scar formation on the skin.

Development strategies

The company pays special attention to the development of healthcare and increasing the availability of medicines. Company policies express a common understanding of the principles followed by all divisions. The company embodies its principles at four levels:

• Openness and involvement. This is very important, since the company really takes into account the interests of all its employees, thereby increasing the loyalty of each of them.
• Responsible business conduct. This applies to personnel management policies and product quality control.
• Integration into commercial activities.
• Solving social problems. That is, the provision of jobs.

The Bayer company in Moscow is an actively developing enterprise that occupies a leading position in the pharmaceutical industry.

Proposals for cooperation

According to management reviews, the huge holding is constantly in need of proactive minds who will help promote the company’s business in the market. Bayer's vacancies are published on the official website, as well as on large international resources. The company offers people to reach new heights by developing their careers. This is a chance to start working in a large innovative company, which, thanks to its employees, is one of the most important in the pharmaceutical industry.

Senior management is well aware that success does not come spontaneously. It is created by people who are the main value of the company. Dedicated employees who want to work on long-term improvements in the quality of human life - this is a professional, competent team looking to the future.

Instead of a conclusion

Bayer today has branches in almost all major cities of the world. In Moscow, the company's office address is: 3rd Rybinskaya street, building 18, building 2. The location of all other branches can be found on the official website. This company produces a number of drugs that we use regularly. Pay attention to the corporate logo, and you will understand that you have been familiar with the concern’s products for a long time. Judging by consumer reviews, the drugs are not cheap, but the results of the treatment are visible immediately. In addition, they have minimal side effects. This also applies to medicinal syrups used to treat children.

Bayer operates in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The long-term commercial success of the company's products is ensured by combining the company's economic growth with environmental and social responsibility.

Bayer CropScience is a world leader in the production and sale of innovative products and innovative inventions in crop protection and pest control.

The company's product range includes a wide range of varieties and hybrid forms of field crops.

Story

1873 - Friedrich Bayer (merchant) and Johann Westcott (master dyer) organize the company “Friedr. Bayer et comp" produces synthetic dyes.

1881 - the joint stock company Farbenfabriken vorm is formed on the basis of the company. Friedr. Bayer&Co" with a workforce of about 300 people.

1876 ​​- organization of the first enterprise of azaline dyes in Moscow. Until this time, Bayer was actively exporting artificial dyes to Russia, satisfying up to 75% of demand.

1883 - a decision is made to expand production in Russia. Vladimir Stolyarov, a Moscow merchant, leases a factory in his name.

1884 - V. Stolyarov buys out the previously rented factory.

1885 - V. Stolyarov formalizes ownership of the dyeing production. Theodor Bettinger is the creditor. The company Bergmann&vom Scheidt was established to carry out sales.

1897 - the company opens a sales agency and the company “Friedr. Bayer & Co.

1898 - 908 - production capacity expands. New sites are being acquired for the development of factories.

1912 - Weier begins production of pharmaceuticals. The company is being transformed into a joint stock company “Chem. Fabrik Friedr. Bayer&Co." The company ranks second in importing various products to Russia.

The First World War and revolution interrupt business relations between Bayer and Russian businesses.

1978 - Bayer office opens in Moscow.

90s - Bayer CJSC is registered in Russia.

Branches

Today the company is represented in Russia by three divisions: Bayer CropScience, Bayer HealthCare, Bayer MaterialScience.

Bayer offices are open in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.

The company has representative offices in 20 regions of the Russian Federation, covering not only the European, but also the Asian part of the country.

Industrial base

Bayer CropScience is headquartered in Monheim, Germany. The company has three divisions - Plant Protection, Biological Sciences, Environmental Protection. The close interaction of all departments ensures the company's success with consumers.

The company's production facilities are located.

1. Bayer invented heroin

For some (especially those who have studied the history of the drug trade) this is common knowledge, but many are shocked to learn that a company as old and large as Bayer is responsible for creating one of the most dangerous drugs in history. But frankly, it's not surprising that most people aren't aware of Bayer's connection to heroin, since the company has done everything it can to distance itself from its creation.

The drug that eventually became known as heroin was first created by C.R. Elder Wright in 1874, who simply experimented with morphine and did nothing with the substances he obtained. This drug was independently synthesized again only 23 years later by chemist Felix Hoffmann, who then worked for the German company Aktiengesellschaft Farbenfabriken (the future Bayer company). Hoffamann was tasked with converting morphine into codeine to create a drug that was less potent and less addictive. But instead, he created a drug that was twice as powerful as morphine.

Bayer did create and patent heroin (it was so named because it evoked a heroic feeling in those who took it) and sold the drug as a cough suppressant and even specifically recommended giving it to children. The company even advertised heroin as a treatment for morphine addiction, until it discovered that the body quickly converted it into morphine.

The company lost many of its trademark rights related to heroin (along with aspirin) after the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, after which it was produced by other third-party companies and then by drug dealers after it was banned in the United States in 1924.

2. Bayer did not formally invent aspirin.

Although Bayer took credit for the creation of acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, to Felix Hoffmann (the chemist who synthesized heroin) and therefore to itself, the drug was actually first created in 1853 by the chemist Charles Frédéric Gérard and then independently reproduced in different ways by many other chemists.

Most historians agree that Hoffmann did his research and was well aware of previously used methods for producing aspirin and therefore could not have invented the drug by accident, but simply found a way to make it safer and less bitter in taste. There is even evidence that Hoffmann worked on aspirin at the direction of his boss, and thus he did not even create it himself. But, in any case, Bayer decided to list Hoffmann as the inventor on the US patent for this drug, obtained in 1899.

3. Bayer tried to continue making money in America during World War I

Bayer patented aspirin in 1899, and this safe, effective medicine for fever and pain quickly became its best-selling product. However, by the outbreak of World War I in 1914, many companies around the world were already selling their own versions of this drug. Soon after the outbreak of war, England banned the import of goods made by German companies, including Bayer, and in 1915 Bayer was stripped of its trademark rights to aspirin so that other companies could use that name for their drugs.

Unfortunately for Bayer, not only was it losing markets, it was also having difficulty meeting production demands, since one of the main ingredients needed to synthesize aspirin was phenol, which was also used in the production of explosives. Bayer still had a large market in the US, as well as factories in which it could produce aspirin for sale in North America, but it needed to find a supplier of phenol, since it could not get it from Germany, and then Bayer resorted to a ploy, known as the Great Phenolic Conspiracy.

The Great Phenolic Plot was complex, but essentially involved using a shell company to purchase excess phenol from Thomas Edison, who had set up his own factory to produce the substance, which was also needed to make phonographs. However, within a few months, a briefcase containing detailed information about this conspiracy was discovered by a Secret Service agent.

Although there was nothing illegal about this plot, since the United States had not yet entered the war at that time, the publication of information related to it in the media caused a major scandal. And although the resulting phenol was enough to operate its aspirin factories, the scandal destroyed Bayer's reputation.

After the discovery of the Great Phenolic Plot, Bayer began opening more shell companies and subsidiaries in the United States to avoid losing control of its assets if the United States entered the war. When the US declared war on Germany, Bayer was investigated and moved its assets into a company that was technically American but controlled by the same German-American management. However, this ruse was quickly discovered, and the government soon took control of Bayer's American assets and then sold all of its trademarks and patents, including its name and logo, to the healthcare company Sterling Products, Inc. Bayer AG eventually purchased all of its rights in 1994.

4. Bayer Produced Some of the Most Dangerous Gases Used During World War I

Here are two facts about World War I that everyone knows: 1) soldiers were in trenches, and 2) gases were among the most dangerous weapons of the war. But few people know that without Bayer these chemical weapons might not have existed. It all started shortly before the war, when Bayer's chairman, Karl Duisberg, was one of three people tasked by the War Department with finding a use for the toxic waste already produced by chemical plants. This group recommended using them to produce chlorine, which Bayer then helped produce and send to the front. Duisberg was even present at the first test of this chemical weapon.

Under the leadership of the same Duisberg, Bayer created more dangerous gases, including phosgene and mustard gas. It is estimated that over 60,000 people died from these gases during the First World War. And although not all of these people died from Bayer products, without this company these deaths might not have happened at all.

5. Bayer war crimes during World War II

After World War I, Bayer merged with a number of other chemical and medical companies in Germany to create a conglomerate called IG Farben, which was among the few companies that financed the Nazi Party and allowed Hitler to rise to power.

IG Farben owned 40% of the shares of the company that produced Zyklon B, which was used to exterminate people in the gas chambers of Auschwitz, but this was far from the only role of this corporation in the Holocaust. She was directly involved in some of the Nazis' worst war crimes, as none other than Josef Mengele himself tested her drugs on healthy Jewish twins. The company also conducted its own experiments on Holocaust victims, purchasing them from the Nazis to infect them with various diseases and use them as laboratory rats. Most of the drugs tested in these experiments killed all subjects. IG Farben also made extensive use of the labor of concentration camp prisoners, for which Bayer apologized in 1995.

IG Farben was liquidated after World War II due to its war crimes, and Bayer was reborn as an independent company. And, naturally, she did everything possible to distance herself from these war crimes.

6. Bayer broke the law when creating hemophilia drugs that gave people AIDS.

Some medications, such as those used to treat hemophilia, are made from human blood. Not surprisingly, these drugs could spread dangerous diseases quite easily, which is why in the early 1980s, with the onset of the AIDS epidemic, the federal government banned the use of prisoners, intravenous drug users, and gay men as blood donors for these drugs. But Bayer ignored these laws and used blood pools from these populations in the production of its clotting factors VIII and IX for hemophiliacs. To make matters worse, since the company pooled the blood of all donors (more than 10,000 people), even a small number of sick donors could contaminate the entire pool.

As a result, a drug that was supposed to save lives has itself become potentially dangerous. Tests conducted by the CDC in 1985 found that 74% of hemophiliacs who took the drug were infected with AIDS. Ultimately, approximately 20,000 hemophiliacs from around the world were infected with AIDS as a result of taking Bayer's clotting factors VIII and IX. Since then, Bayer has paid out more than $600 million in compensation to hemophiliacs who contracted AIDS.

7. Bayer continued to sell potentially contaminated drugs outside the US for years.

As if it wasn't enough that it had already infected thousands of people with AIDS, Bayer decided to continue selling its dangerous products in other countries, even after they had to be removed from pharmacy shelves in the US and Europe. In essence, to neutralize the HIV virus in these drugs, they only needed to be subjected to heat treatment. But instead of selling only the safer version of these drugs and withdrawing the more dangerous version from sale, Bayer continued to sell the latter in Asian and Latin American countries. It even produced new batches of the old version of the drug because it was cheaper to produce.

Bayer continues to maintain that it acted responsibly, ethically and humanely, offering numerous justifications for its behavior. In particular, they say that buyers doubted the effectiveness of the new drug, that some countries were slow to approve the sale of a safer drug, and that plasma shortages prevented them from producing more of the new drugs. Yet despite all these claims, internal company documentation shows that even then Bayer knew it was doing something wrong. In 1985, the company questioned whether it could knowingly supply uncooked drugs to Japan, and yet continued to do so.

8. At the end of the last century, Bayer was accused of fraud with Medicaid

Federal law requires Medicaid to sell drugs at the lowest price possible, and if a company offers a private insurer or pharmacy a chance to buy the drug at a lower price, it must pay back the difference to Medicaid. By entering into a contract with Kaiser Permanente in 1995, Bayer violated this law by agreeing to sell the company the antibiotic Cipro at a lower price than Medicaid after Kaiser threatened to use Johnson & Johnson's cheaper ofloxacin. Instead of complying with the law and notifying Medicaid of the price change, which would have required it to pay tens of millions of dollars in compensation, Bayer accepted Kaiser's offer to rename the drug and give it a different identification number. The year before, the company did the same with its antihypertensive drug nifedipine.

In 2003, Bayer, despite continuing to maintain that it acted responsibly, still pleaded guilty and agreed to pay $257 million in compensation and fines.

9. Bayer still owns the patent on aspirin in many countries.

It may surprise you, but after all its war crimes and all the changes in ownership, Bayer still has a patent on aspirin in some countries. In fact, although the company lost the patent on this drug in the US, UK and France during World War I, it retained its rights to it in Canada, Mexico, Germany, Switzerland and more than 75 other countries.

Bayer tried its best to maintain its patent and its brand, especially immediately after its introduction. When the company began producing aspirin in 1899, it gave free samples of the drug to doctors, hospitals, and pharmacies and asked them all to report on its effectiveness. And when other companies began producing their own aspirin, Bayer began producing the drug in tablet form (at first it was sold as a powder).

10. Bayer was accused of spreading the Spanish flu to increase sales

Unlike the other items on this list, this item is just a conspiracy theory, but at the same time, Bayer would probably want to keep it a secret that people have been accusing it of intentionally spreading the Spanish Flu since 1918. While this conspiracy theory may have no basis in reality, it is easy to see why people believed it. The fact is that this German company sold practically the only remedy for this disease.

It's also worth noting that one researcher, Karen Starko, argued that many of the deaths associated with the Spanish flu were actually caused by aspirin overdose, since the drug was still new and doctors did not know what dosage to prescribe it in and What does aspirin poisoning look like? But even Starko noted that this was just speculation, since she could not find reliable autopsy reports to know whether there were symptoms of aspirin poisoning.

Bayer AG is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in Barmen (now part of Wuppertal, Germany) in 1836. Its headquarters are located in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).

The history of the pharmaceutical concern Bayer began in 1836 in Barmen - now one of the districts of the city of Wuppertal. The founders of the company were Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Wescott.

Initially the General Partnership Friedr. Bayer et comp., was engaged in the production of a new type of paint: synthetic dyes from coal tar derivatives.

At that time, the German light industry was experiencing an increase in production and the need for inexpensive dyes was very high. Natural paints that were used previously were very expensive and their quantity was limited.

Thanks to German legislation at that time and the industrial growth of the mid-19th century, the number of enterprises involved in the production of synthetic dyes grew very quickly, but only large players with their own research base and taking advantage of the opportunities of the global market were able to remain on the market. One of the company's innovations was the production of Anizarin, a red synthetic dye.

From 1836 to 1881, Bayer was able to significantly strengthen its position in the local market, from the general partnership "Friedr. Bayer et comp.” the company was transformed into a joint stock company under the name "Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co.”, thus laying the financial foundation for the future concern. The number of employees increased from 3 to 300 people.

The company owes its scientific potential and numerous innovations to Karl Duisberg, the founder of the scientific laboratory in Wuppertal-Elberfeld. Thanks to the work of this laboratory, new standards for industrial research were established, many innovative dyes were invented, and with the advent of the pharmaceutical department, many drugs unique for their time, including Bayer’s most famous drug, “aspirin.”

“The drug of the century” - that’s what “aspirin” was called, was synthesized by Felix Hoffman. “Aspirin” was an excellent alternative to the expensive and inaccessible salicin and salicylic acid, which is dangerous for the stomach - the main painkillers of that time. But for the commercial success of a new invention, benefits alone were not enough.

The company used a marketing move that was new for its time (now we would call it direct mail) - it spared no expense in publishing a 200-page catalog of its products in 30,000 copies, where the main emphasis was on the new product - “aspirin”. At that time, there were about 30 thousand practicing doctors in Europe - and Bayer sent out its catalog to all of them free of charge.

As a result, thanks to smart marketing and exploitation of the global market, Bayer has sold approximately 1 trillion tablets since March 1899, when the Imperial Patent Office in Berlin registered the trademark. Thanks to the production of aspirin, Bayer has become one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

But besides inventing aspirin, the company was able to make another splash in the medical world. In 1898, under the leadership of Heinrich Daser, a drug was created that relieved pain better than morphine and was safer; in addition, employees of the company's research laboratory, who tested the new drug on themselves, discovered a powerful emotional reaction. These new drugs were “heroin.” At that time, “heroin” was produced in the form of pills and syrups and was prescribed for many diseases, from influenza to multiple sclerosis.

Thanks to numerous inventions and large profits in the local market, the company began to expand into the world market, the creation of a worldwide sales network being a decisive factor in the continuous development of the company. From the very beginning, Bayer began to supply dyes and medicines to markets in many countries around the world.

By the beginning of the 20th century, more than 80% of the company's revenue came from exporting products. In 1865, the company acquired a stake in the first foreign factory for the production of dyes from coal processing products. One of the first foreign enterprises was a factory in New York City.

In 1876, the company's first enterprise outside Germany was opened in Moscow - the Friedrich Bayer & Co. aniline dye factory.

In 1904, the famous cross became the Bayer logo. Because Bayer aspirin was distributed only by pharmacists and doctors, and the company could not use its own packaging, a cross was printed on the tablets so that consumers could associate the company name with aspirin.

The first serious test for Bayer was the First World War. Due to the conflict, the concern lost its markets and many subsidiaries. In the United States, authorities confiscated the German company's enterprises, along with patents and trademarks, and sold them to competitors.

In 1913, Bayer became one of the three largest German chemical companies, with more than 10 thousand employees and workers around the world working in the company's production facilities. The concern owned more than 8 thousand patents for various paints, medicines and chemicals. One of the achievements was winning a patent for synthetic rubber.

Due to its powerful scientific base, in the first years of World War Bayer production was subordinated to military needs; instead of aspirin, the production of trinitrotoluene, a powerful explosive, was started. In addition to trinitrotoluene, the production of toxic substances was organized, including chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas.

Despite all the achievements, after Germany's defeat in the First World War, not only the company's foreign assets were confiscated, but also all patents and trademarks, including Aspirin. In addition, the global economic crisis of the 30s was a strong blow; the company was forced to reduce its staff by 20%.

In 1925, Bayer, together with former competitors BASF and Hoechst, merged to form the chemical concern I.G.Farbenindustrie AG. As a result, despite the fact that the German economy was devastated by the war, the fourth largest global corporation emerged in the country, which retained leadership in its industry. But the merger also had negative sides; by 1950, the Bayer trademark disappeared from the world market.

At this time, the company took up new scientific developments and promising areas - synthetic rubber and polymers. In the 30s, polyurethane was invented. But even greater success awaited the company in connection with the discovery of Gerhard Domagk, who discovered the therapeutic effect of sulfonamides. The researcher received the Nobel Prize in 1939, and the company received another unique scientific development.

During the Second World War, the company's potential fell into the hands of the Nazis; the production of lethal gases and other toxic substances was organized on the basis of the enterprises, among which was Cyclone-6, which was used in many concentration camps. In addition, dangerous drugs were tested on prisoners, and slave labor of prisoners was used in factories.

As a result, at the Nuremberg trials in 1947, the leaders of the united concern IG Farben were found to have participated in war crimes. In 1950, IG Farben was divided into 12 companies. As a result, Farbenfabriken Bayer AG was born again in 1951. That is, the same companies entered the chemical industry market as before the 1925 unification.

Immediately after the war, the main problem was the restoration of foreign markets, despite the fact that the company for the second time in its history lost its foreign assets, including its valuable patents, Bayer's activities in the domestic market were extremely important.

The devastated country needed medicines, as well as other chemical products from the company, and the country's economy needed tens of thousands of jobs. In the early 1950s, Bayer began buying up foreign subsidiaries. Just like 30 years ago, the main sales markets were the USA and Latin American countries.

Despite all the post-war difficulties, Bayer did not stop its scientific development, just as in the 19th century, innovative research brought large profits to the company; in the 50s, various drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, dermatological antifungals and broad-spectrum antibiotics were created. The range of drugs was constantly growing and expanding, new production facilities were opened, and the number of personnel increased. By 1963, the company employed more than 80 thousand people.

The number of subsidiaries was growing, and for further development, a serious reorganization of the company was required. In 1971, the modern designation Bayer AG was introduced, and the corporation was reformed into a subsidiary structure, which replaced the functional organization introduced in the 1950s.

In 1957, Bayer entered a new market for petroleum products; this became possible after Bayer bought Deutsche BP and formed a new company, Erdolchemie GmbH. In addition, the company's successes in photographic equipment and agriculture were significant.

In the 1970s, Bayer began active expansion into the American market. The company first acquired Cutter Laboratories Inc in 1974 and Miles Laboratories Inc in 1976, which allowed it to take a leading position in the US pharmaceutical market by 1978.

In the 1970s, Bayer not only expanded its production, but also became active in protecting the environment. The first step was the launch of Europe's largest industrial water treatment plant in Dormagen. In addition, Bayer paid great attention to promoting the fight for the environment and raising public awareness of this problem. In 1980, the Bayer Tower Biology organization began work in Leverkusen, which organized the treatment of wastewater from biological contamination.

In addition to propaganda, Bayer also reduced its own emissions. Thus, from 1977 to 1987, the content of heavy metals in used water decreased by 85-99%, and the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere by 80%. As a result, the fight for the environment has grown into a global trend, and Bayer has spent about DM 5 billion on environmental safety.

Between the 1970s and 1990s, Bayer experienced constant transformation in the face of increasing globalization and changing global market conditions.

In the late 1980s, due to political changes in Europe, the company began active production and sales activities in eastern Germany. At the end of the 80s, a new plant was built in the city of Bitterfeld, which produced products for Eastern Europe.

Bayer did not weaken its influence on the American market; in 1990, the largest purchase in the company's history took place - the Canadian company Polysar Rubber Corporation, headquartered in Toronto, was acquired. Thanks to this transaction, the Bayer group became the world's largest supplier of raw materials to the rubber industry.

Since back in the mid-20th century, Bayer lost the opportunity to sell its products on the US market under its own name, returning the brand was an extremely important task. This became possible only after the purchase of the company that owned the rights to the Bayer trademark.

This company was Sterling Drug, which specialized in the production of self-medication medications. Thanks to this purchase, Bayer was again able to operate in the United States under its own name using its famous logo.

By the end of the 20th century, Bayer had regained its role as the world's largest chemical and pharmaceutical company. Thanks to the company's success, the city of Leverkusen has become a powerful industrial and scientific center of Germany in which scientific institutes and large enterprises have grown.

Bayer owes one of the main pillars of its success to the notorious “aspirin,” which was constantly in demand and always helped the company stay afloat and make big profits. Thanks to its profitable invention, Bayer spent huge amounts of money on the development of non-core enterprises, which were often unprofitable.

In addition, profits from the production and sale of aspirin helped the company survive during economic turmoil. Not many companies succeeded in this; often global corporations abandoned unprofitable industries. And Bayer, even in the “black” year of 2001 for the company, managed to avoid a crisis and a drop in production, in addition, the corporate structure of more than 120 thousand people around the world was preserved.

In 2001, Bayer was at the center of an international scandal. As a result of taking the drug Lipobay, which is responsible for lowering cholesterol in the blood, 52 people died in several countries around the world. As a result, Bayer spent about 800 million euros to settle relations with its customers.

In June 2006, Bayer AG sold its Bayer Diagnostics division, which deals with diagnostic solutions in medicine, to Siemens AG for 4.2 billion euros. The division, with a turnover of 1.43 billion euros and 5,400 employees, was fully integrated into Siemens AG in the second quarter of 2007.

The company's management met 2008 with great optimism, and, despite the difficult economic situation around the world, the company showed good results, in the first quarters the growth of assets was more than 5% compared to the same period in 2007. Bayer HealthCare and Bayer CropScience performed better than others - these two divisions, despite the crisis, are demonstrating active sales growth.

On 2 November 2010, Bayer AG signed an agreement to acquire Auckland-based veterinary company Bomac Group. Financial information has not been published due to confidentiality obligations.