Why do brown spots appear on the skin and is it possible to get rid of them? Types and causes of dark spots on the skin Liver dysfunction.

Brown spots on the skin often cause great concern in their owner, and bring aesthetic discomfort. For some, such formations are banal nevi (moles), but it also happens that such pigmentation indicates serious disturbances in the functioning of individual internal organs or entire systems.

The reasons why brown spots appear on the skin can be both harmless and very serious, requiring immediate medical attention. If they do not cause any discomfort (except for complexes due to their presence, as such), then you should not try to remove them. If you decide, by all means, to get rid of them, then first you need to understand where they came from. The photo and description of brown spots on the body, which will be presented below, will help you with this.

Common Causes of Brown Spotted Rash

Brown spots in a certain area or throughout the body can be congenital or acquired. Often their presence is due to an increased concentration in the human body of a substance such as melanin. It is he who is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin, and when too much of it accumulates in the cells, light brown spots appear on the skin. Over time, they darken if they are not treated in a timely manner.

Predisposing factors can be:

• genetics;
• fair skin (it is most prone to the formation of age spots);
• natural aging process of the epidermis;
• hyperpigmentation;
• the period of bearing a child;
• hormonal changes;
• puberty in adolescents.

But, if none of these factors is related to this problem, and there are still light brown spots on the body, what can this mean? In this case, the causes will not be so harmless, and to eliminate them, you will have to consult a doctor. Pigmentation on the body may appear due to problems:

• with the functioning of the liver;
• with the work of the thyroid gland;
• with skin (fungal pathologies, melanoma).

Note. Sometimes the appearance of light brown spots on the body can be associated with prolonged exposure to the sun or in the solarium. If you have hypersensitive skin or your body overreacts to UV rays, don't risk it. Avoid sunbathing, so as not to suffer later with the treatment of pigmentation on the body.

Varieties of brown spots and their localization on the skin

Brown pigmentation has its own classification, thanks to which it is possible, at least approximately, to determine what a person is dealing with in each case.

What does chloasma look like?

Brown spots on the face, having different shapes and sizes, are called chloasma. Of course, they may have other localizations, but their favorite place of appearance remains, nevertheless, the cheeks, eyelids and forehead.

Sometimes such spots can be seen on the inside of the thighs. They are absolutely safe, so if they do not cause any discomfort, they can not be treated.

Such brown spots on the face are more common in women during pregnancy, which is associated with hormonal changes in the body. Such pigmentation disappears on its own after childbirth, so all that remains for the expectant mother to do is to wait. No therapeutic measures are required.

Brown spots on the skin of the face can also occur in women who abuse hormonal contraceptives. In order not to face such a problem, it is necessary to take all contraceptive pills only as directed by a doctor, and in accordance with all the instructions given by him.

Features of lentigo age spots

Lentigo - spots on the body of a light brown color that rise slightly above the surface of the skin. They can be located both individually and in small groups. To the touch, they are dense, have a uniform texture.

Such a brown spot on the skin often occurs in children under the age of 10. It is a bit like an ordinary mole, and can occupy quite large areas of the epidermis. It often appears due to a genetic predisposition.

Brown spots on the legs, back, shoulders, neck and arms most often form in old age. They are called senile lentigo, and occur in every 2 elderly people. They do not require treatment, since they do not tend to degenerate into a malignant skin tumor.

Nevi or moles

If you have a brown spot on the skin, it protrudes above its surface and has clear, even contours - this is probably a mole. Such neoplasms are often congenital, but often they appear throughout a person's life.

If they are not subjected to mechanical stress (intentional or accidental), they do not pose any threat to health. However, with regular rubbing, combing and injury, nevi can turn into melanomas.

Such brown spots appear everywhere: on the neck, arms, back, legs, genitals, scalp, etc. They occur regardless of gender and age. Some of them may disappear or disappear over time. Others, on the contrary, grow and change shade. This is what should alert and make a person visit a dermatologist's office.

One of the most common causes of brown spots on the face, arms, shoulders and back are freckles. This is absolutely harmless pigmentation from the point of view of skin health, which, however, causes serious complexes in many (especially women).

Such pigmentation can appear and disappear on its own. However, in some people it can be observed all year round, so if it causes discomfort of an aesthetic nature, it must be dealt with by all available means.

You can see photos and names of brown spots on the skin above. There are also descriptions of all types of pigmentation, both on the whole body and in its individual areas.

Brown spots for various diseases

As already noted, the reasons for the appearance of brown spots on the skin are often various pathologies of the internal organs and the epidermis. It is not difficult to distinguish them from each other - this can be done due to the presence of certain symptoms characteristic of a particular disease.

Brown pigmentation with fungus

Brown spots on the body that itch and flake often indicate the development of a pathology such as skin fungus. Most often, such anomalies occur on the hands, feet, between the fingers.

A fungus is a disease that spreads quite quickly, and not only throughout the body. It can be passed on to other people who have frequent contact with the fungus carrier.

Remember! Untreated fungus can have quite serious consequences. Chronization of the pathological process is the least of all possible evils, so do not neglect the issue of therapy if you have dry brown spots on your skin.

Liver disease

Liver disease is one of the most common causes of hyperpigmentation on the body. In this case, the spots can have a completely different color - from yellow to red and dark brown.

Brown spots on the arms, palms, armpits and neck most often indicate serious disorders in the liver and biliary tract. There is no doubt about the correctness of the preliminary diagnosis if, in parallel, the patient has pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, worsening sleep and decreased appetite.

Attention! Of particular concern should be the fact that brown spots appeared on the body in parallel with such alarming symptoms as skin integument, dizziness, vomiting, and the smell of rot from the mouth. Similar signs indicate the development of hepatitis C and cirrhosis of the liver.

kidney disease

If you develop brown spots on your back or face, this may well indicate the development of certain kidney diseases. So, with CRF, the normal functions of not only the kidneys themselves, but also other internal organs are disrupted. A multiple organ failure occurs, which provokes the appearance of brown rashes. Sometimes they can itch, but often do not cause any inconvenience. After the pathology has been cured (if possible), the brown spot on the face or back disappears.

Adrenal disorders

Brown spots on the legs, back, chest are sometimes the result of the development of Cushing's syndrome. In this case, there is an excessive production of hormones by the adrenal glands, which causes pigmentation. The spots have a dark color, they are rough to the touch. If you find any on your body, immediately consult a doctor and take all the necessary tests.

FAQ

You can hear the question, what are these brown spots on the legs (arms, stomach, neck or all over the body) quite often. All possible causes of this anomaly have been previously discussed in detail, but some patients often ask other questions. Here are the most common ones.

1. Why can there be brown spots on the sternum in women? The female hormonal background is a rather delicate matter that can be disturbed even when exposed to the most insignificant external factors. However, it is worth noting that pigmentation often occurs during pregnancy, as well as during lactation, menstruation and PMS. If there are no ailments or accompanying symptoms that were mentioned above, then you should not worry - brown spots under the breast do not pose any threat.
2. Can brown pigmentation appear from medications? The use of drugs, especially if it was carried out without the consent of a doctor, can cause a side effect in the form of age spots. This is especially true for taking potent drugs: antibiotics, antidepressants, tranquilizers, etc. At the same time, the formation of brownish spotted rashes is the most harmless anomaly that is possible under such conditions. But it should be a good reason for refusing self-treatment.
3. Another frequently asked question: brown spots appeared on the body after a solarium - what is it? This phenomenon indicates two things:

• a person burned during a fire;
• a person is intolerant to UV rays.

If such an anomaly occurs, visits to the solarium, or from sunbathing in the open sun, should be abandoned.

Can trauma cause pigmentation, and if so, why is this happening?

Yes, injury to the skin, followed by the formation of wounds, abrasions, burns or bruises, can lead to short-term hyperpigmentation. For example, brown spots on the back may appear after suffering 3rd degree burns. This is a fairly deep damage to the epidermis, which affects the lower layers of the dermis. Pigmentation after such an injury can persist from several days to several months. However, it does not require any treatment, as it goes away on its own.

Whatever caused brown hyperpigmentation on the body, it must be treated only after an accurate determination of its causes. Symptomatic therapy will not give the desired effect, moreover, it is not a panacea for the disease or the factor that is the main provocateur of hyperpigmentation on the body.

The skin of the human body is usually very sensitive to any external influences or internal imbalance in the body, responding with the appearance of rashes, spots, neoplasms. The formation of brown spots on the body is one of the reasons for concern, since such a symptom can indicate both harmless individual physiology and severe pathologies that require timely treatment.

To identify the causes under the influence of which brown spots appear on the skin, it is not enough to independently examine the external manifestations. The basis of competent diagnostics is a comprehensive study of the state of the body (in-person, instrumental examination, laboratory tests, etc.). Only freckles and pigmented nevi can be distinguished by eye.

Etiology

The formation of brown spots is the result of increased production of melanin in the cells of the epidermis. Melanin is a special pigment that is produced in the upper layers of the skin in order to deeply protect it from damage and the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

The most common causes of brown spots on the skin are prolonged exposure to sunlight without special protective equipment, mechanical injuries, uncontrolled intake of certain groups of medications, vitamin deficiency, diabetes mellitus, experienced stress or overwork.

But the development of this symptom can be triggered by such pathological processes in the body:

1. . Light brown spots on the body, which at the initial stage of formation are small in size (up to 2 cm in diameter) and have a fuzzy edge line, moderate itching and peeling in the center, are considered a sign of multi-colored lichen. The causative agent of the disease is the fungus Malassezia furfur. Such spots are localized in the back, neck and arms, less common on the abdomen, legs and groin. People with excessive sweating are most susceptible to infection with pityriasis versicolor. The disease can also develop against the background of hypothermia, a sharp decrease in immune defenses.
2. Pigmented nevi. The most common type of accumulation of skin melanin is moles (pigmented nevi). Such neoplasms are usually small in size, rounded in shape and have clear margins. Moles are often flat, do not rise or protrude slightly above the surface of the skin. The danger of such lies in the possibility of their degeneration into a cancerous disease - melanoma.
3. Hormonal imbalance. The reason for the appearance of pigmentation on the skin can be a hormonal failure (in adolescents during puberty, in pregnant women, etc.). Usually such a skin reaction is observed under the mammary glands, on the face and in the chest area. Pigmentation in hormonal disorders manifests itself in the form of small light brown spots that disappear without a trace after the normalization of the balance of hormones in the body.
4. Lentigo. Dark, smooth formations of small size (up to 2 cm in diameter) oval or round in shape may be a sign of lentigo. Such benign growths occur at any age (even in the first year of a newborn's life). Usually the process of their development lasts up to 30 years. Spots with lentigo are most often localized in the neck, face, legs and arms. The reasons for their formation are hereditary predisposition, frequent skin injuries, the presence of infectious lesions of the body, hormonal imbalance, thermal and chemical effects.
5. Chloasma. Brown spots on the skin often appear due to malfunctioning of the ovaries (in women), liver and adrenal glands. Under the influence of such an internal imbalance, chloasma develops - a pathology associated with impaired melanin production. Lesions in chloasma can be of different sizes and shades (dark brown, yellowish and even black). They are localized on the forehead, eyelids and temples in men, in the nipples and vulva in women. Such a rash is not accompanied by peeling of the skin.
6. Freckles. A hereditary disease, manifested by increased pigmentation under the influence of sunlight, can cause brown spots on the skin. The first signs of freckles usually become noticeable already at the age of 6-10 years. At the same time, small (pinhead-sized) blotches of yellowish-brown color are formed on the skin, which increase in size in the spring-summer period and fade by autumn.
7. Melanoma. The most dangerous cause of brown spots on the body is melanoma, a malignant neoplasm that develops from age spots, which looks like a dense nodule with convex parts. In diameter, melanoma can reach from a few millimeters to 3 cm. Sometimes its appearance is accompanied by itching, the formation of bleeding erosions in the affected area. At the initial stage, such a spot may resemble a mole, but over the course of the disease, it metastasizes to blood vessels, lymph nodes, and other organs and tissues.

In order to prevent the development of dangerous complications, it is necessary to pay attention to the timely treatment of skin neoplasms.

photo of brown spots on skin

Features of treatment

For each of the types of brown spots, there are appropriate methods for eliminating uncomfortable manifestations:

• for colored lichen - taking fungicidal, antimycotic and keratolytic drugs;
• for freckles - exfoliation with slow or fast action products;
• for melanomas - surgical removal, radiation therapy;
• for chloasma - the use of exfoliating agents and vitamin complexes.

To prevent the formation of unaesthetic brown spots on the skin, it is recommended to avoid the pathogenic effects of ultraviolet rays, use special sunscreens.

The appearance of spots of non-standard color on the surface of the skin, one of the manifestations of pigmentation disorders. This pathology indicates an excessive synthesis of melanin, which is responsible for pigmentation. This disease is called melanosis, which means a pigmentation failure associated with metabolic disorders.. Such failures are manifested due to the increased content of melanocytes in certain layers of the skin, which leads to the appearance of spots. Let's find out what brown spots on the skin of the body mean.

Age spots - the appearance of flat, oval areas of a darker color on the skin

Diseases with a high degree of severity are quite common today. Chronic forms of these diseases often lead to disorders associated with the synthesis of melanin. The list of these diseases includes the following pathologies:

• Liver dysfunction against the background of cirrhosis and other diseases of this organ. It is this type of disease that most often leads to the appearance of small areas on the surface of the skin, painted in dark tones.
• Disorders in the work of the endocrine system. Disorders of the endocrine system have a huge impact on the quality of the metabolic system. Hormonal disorders, pathological processes in the functioning of the sweat glands, diabetes mellitus are only a small part of the reasons leading to the appearance of spots of a non-standard color.
• cachectic form of melanosis quite often accompanies a disease such as tuberculosis.
• Kidney dysfunction can also be expressed by the appearance of areas with an unnatural color. This form of the disease is called uremic melanosis.

The above reasons are the main factors leading to the appearance of melanosis. However, this disease may also have a different character, not associated with disturbances in the functioning of internal organs.

Melanosis of the toxic type

This form of pathology is observed in people who constantly encounter various aggressive chemicals due to their profession. Prolonged contact with fuels and lubricants (oil, coal, oils) is one of the most common causes of pathology.

Prolonged contact with this category of products leads to acute toxic poisoning. Lack of attention to this problem can cause not only spots on the body, but also a chronic form of the disease. Against this background, there are various pathological processes in the work of many body systems and a strong deterioration in health.

Nevus Becker

This type of mole looks like a small spot, painted in a yellow-brown hue. Such neoplasms most often have uneven borders. Nevus Becker in most cases manifests itself in adolescents aged ten to fifteen years. According to statistics, this disease is more common among males.

Nevus Becker, most often localized in the lower extremities and upper torso. At the initial stages of formation, the spots have a small diameter, but the development of the disease leads to a significant increase in their size. The average diameter of neoplasms can exceed ten centimeters.

Becker's nevus is a disease with an unclear etiology. Experts attribute the appearance of this disease to hormonal disorders.

Melanosis of the arsenic form

This type of melanosis occurs while taking medications, among the components of which there is arsenic. In addition, symptoms such as dark age spots can occur in people who often come into contact with this chemical in the workplace.

Melanosis named after Dubrey

This disease has an oncological character. The appearance of small spots that have a dark color and irregular shape often indicates the development of skin cancer. This form of neoplasm is most often localized in the upper body. Brown growths at the initial stage of development are very similar to moles and rise slightly above the surface of the skin.

At the initial stage of development, the spots have a small diameter, but over a short period of time their diameter increases several times. The color of the neoplasms can vary from light yellow to dark brown. The contour of growths can be compared with a geographical map. The development of the disease leads to the formation of nodules and papules on the surface of the affected tissues and the tumors themselves. The spot changes its structure, becoming more dense.

The disease is accompanied by severe itching and redness of those areas of the skin that are in the neighborhood. A brown spot on the skin begins to peel off towards the end of the development stage. At the same stage, on healthy areas of the skin, small spots similar to freckles begin to form. The appearance of these symptoms indicates the beginning of the degeneration of the spot into a malignant tumor.

Black acanthosis

Dermatologists are often asked the question, there are dark spots on the skin, what does this mean? Experts say that the appearance of black spots may be associated with the development of black acanthosis. This disease is considered quite rare and has several forms, malignant and benign. Symptoms of black acanthosis are most often localized in those parts of the body where there are skin folds. These areas include the neck, buttocks, armpits and groin.

The rapid growth of spots throughout the body may indicate the malignant nature of the disease. It is this symptom that most often precedes the appearance of oncology. The main factors that lead to the appearance of the disease can be the following reasons:

• medicines belonging to the category of hormonal drugs;
• disorders in the thyroid gland;
• malignant tumors;
• genetic predisposition and heredity;
• long-term use of a certain number of drugs.

Urticaria pigment type

Urticaria pigmentosa is a rather complex disease that can act as the main cause of mastocytosis. This form of pathology is most often manifested in children of a younger age group and is characterized by the appearance of small dark red spots.

The appearance of spots is considered only the initial stage of the development of the disease. Further, in place of the spots, rash bubbles appear, filled with subcutaneous fluid. At the final stage of development, the rash opens up and leaves brown spots in its place. Such spots disappear on their own within a few months.

Having manifested itself in childhood, the disease proceeds quite easily. However, at a more mature age, the development of various complications is possible. Experts say that urticaria pigmentosa can cause disability and even death. More often, such situations are observed against the background of a long-term lack of attention to the disease.

Mastocytosis of this form has an unexplained etiology. Experts associate this pathology with the influence of the following factors:

• abrupt climate change;
• inflammatory processes against the background of the activity of various infections;
• prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
• stress;
• disorders associated with the functioning of the immune system.

Lentigo

Lentigo refers to benign diseases, against the background of which brown spots form on the skin. This type of neoplasm has an appearance similar to moles. If dark spots appear on the skin of this type, then they can be localized in the face, legs, limbs and upper body.

This disease has a slow rate of development and can manifest itself at any age. The risk of degeneration of spots into a malignant tumor is minimal. However, if the integrity of the skin is violated, increased attention should be paid to the state of one's health.

The main reason for the appearance of such a problem is prolonged exposure to artificial radiation sources. In addition, lentigo spots can be associated with gene mutations, the activity of the papillomavirus and various disorders in the immune system.

Experts especially emphasize the influence of hormonal disorders and the effects of ultraviolet rays on the formation of such spots. In addition, lentigo spots can be caused by AIDS and other diseases that lead to a severe decrease in immunity.

Problems with hyperpigmentation in this disease appear as single spots of a uniform color with clearly defined boundaries. Neoplasms can be localized in various parts of the body, including the face and limbs. Lentigo spots most often appear at one of the stages of development of a child in the womb. However, in medical practice, cases are described when this pathology manifests itself at a more mature age.

The development of the disease can cause an increase in the diameter of the affected tissues. Often, small dots of a darker color form on the surface of the spots.

leopard cider

Leopard cider is a rare disease that manifests itself in the form of many spots on the body, of various colors. Such a pathology can be localized in different parts of the body.

In addition to the appearance of spots, patients have problems with the functioning of the heart muscle, slight mental deviations, hypospadias, respiratory disorders and growth retardation. The formation of this disease is associated with a mutation of certain genes.

Freckles

Freckles are small spots of light brown color, most often localized in the face. This pathology is more common in children. Symptoms of pathology are more pronounced in the summer months. Most often, the manifestation of freckles is influenced by a hereditary factor.

Chloasma

Women are more susceptible to chloasma. This pathological condition is characterized by the appearance of various dark spots. The color and size of neoplasms may vary depending on their location. Chloasma can be localized on any part of the body, including the face, chest, genitals and torso. Areas of the body with hyperpigmentation are only a cosmetic defect.

The main reason for the onset of the disease is hormonal disruptions. Pregnancy, menopause and ovarian dysfunction most often lead to the appearance of pathology.

Poikiloderma

With this disease, not only areas with hyperpigmentation appear on the patient's body, but also edema, depigmentation and atrophy. In addition, patients with poikiloderma most often experience increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation.

When the disease has a hereditary basis, pathologies are observed in the structure of bones, nail plates and genital organs. Most often, the disease manifests itself in females.

Pathology named after Recklinghausen

This disease is better known as neurofibromatosis type 1. At the initial stage of development, small spots form on the patient's body, on which an accumulation of freckles is formed. Most often, the disease manifests itself in childhood. Neoplasms can vary in color and size.

In about fifteen percent of cases associated with the presence of pathology, the development of the disease leads to oncological complications. In addition, experts talk about an increased risk of the formation of the following pathologies:

• cyst in the respiratory organs;
• slow growth and the appearance of empty cavities in the spinal cord;
• gynecomastia and stenosis of the renal artery.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome - manifests itself in the form of small spots on the mucous membranes and the surface of the skin. When these spots form in the mouth area, they can be blue in color. Symptoms of this disease are most often localized in open areas of the body, including the face and hands.

Conclusion

Light brown spots on the skin, photos and names of the pathologies that this symptom is characterized by were discussed in this article. In conclusion, I would like to say that all of the above diseases indicate serious violations in the work of internal organs.

Moreover, the development of certain diseases can lead to a precancerous condition. To prevent the development of oncology, it is necessary to pay increased attention to your health and contact specialists in a timely manner.

In order to reduce the risk associated with the appearance of hyperpigmentation, timely attention should be paid to the treatment of chronic and infectious diseases, proper diet and even distribution of physical activity.

In contact with

Dark spots on the skin not only spoil the appearance of a person, but also indicate the presence of serious pathologies in the body. Rashes differ in color, shape, size, accompanied by other signs, which allows you to quickly determine the initial diagnosis.

The appearance of dark spots on the skin indicates the presence of the disease and the need for examination

Causes of dark spots on the skin

Dark spots of different types and colors occur on any part of the body, regardless of age and gender.

Causes:

• increased deposition of melanin in the skin (melanosis);
• pigmentation disorders caused by metabolic disorders.

Melanoses appear against the background of chronic or severe diseases of the internal organs - failures provoke the accumulation of melanin in the tissues of the epidermis. How different types of nevi look can be seen in the video.

What diseases are accompanied by darkening of the skin:

• congenital or acquired pathologies of the endocrine system, develop in violation of the work of the adrenal glands, sex glands, diabetes mellitus;
• liver dysfunction - hepatitis, cirrhosis;
• renal failure in a chronic form;
• severe forms of tuberculosis.

Arsenic melanosis- a consequence of long-term use of drugs based on arsenic, or constant human contact with toxic substances in hazardous industries.

One of the main reasons for the formation of brown spots of different shades without signs of hair growth is age-related pigmentation disorders, more often observed in older people, so age spots on the face and hands are called the first harbingers of old age.

hyperpigmentation

Dark spots or areas appear in small areas, cover the entire body, are formed due to the accelerated synthesis of melanin by pigment cells that are located in the tissues of the epidermis.

Chloasma

Chloasma appears on the skin as a result of pathologies of the female reproductive system.

Chloasma is a female disease that develops with a high level of estrogen against the background of ovarian dysfunction, during childbearing, with menopause. On the nipples, in the inguinal region, under the mammary glands, on the face there are many yellow-brown, sometimes burgundy spots of irregular shape, in winter and autumn the rashes fade.

Most often, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a consequence of chemical effects on the skin.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a consequence of trauma, burns, the use of aggressive skin care products, acne and psoriasis. The appearance of rashes provokes the removal of facial hair with chemicals or creams with aggressive ingredients. The spots are temporary, gradually disappear on their own.

Lentigo

Lentigo spots look like freckles, but occur as a result of hormonal imbalance.

Lentigo - small spots of brown, light brown color with a smooth surface, benign origin, but if injured, they can develop into melanoma. Outwardly similar to freckles, however, lentigins do not change color under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, they have clearer boundaries, but only a specialist can find differences. Spots can be found on the nose, limbs, neck. The characteristic age for their education is 55 years.

Hormonal imbalance can provoke the appearance of spots, so lentigo often manifests itself during pregnancy and menopause, at puberty, in women who take oral contraceptives.

Leopard syndrome - several hundred lentigo are present on the body, arms and legs, the disease is accompanied by heart problems, mental and physical retardation, deafness. The cause of the development of the disease is a gene mutation.

Dermatological pathologies

Skin diseases, acne, pimples can provoke increased pigmentation, leaving behind dark spots.

Becker's nevus is characterized by the presence of hair on a pigmented area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin

Spots of irregular shape, pale yellow or dark brown, with uneven edges, a lot of hair grows on the surface, most often formed in boys aged 10-15 years.

Becker's melanosis can be found on the chest, back, abdomen, scalp, shins, shoulders, the spot is initially small, but grows rapidly, can reach 20 cm in diameter. The reasons for the appearance of a nevus are not fully understood, but doctors are inclined to the hormonal origin of spots, other experts argue that the appearance of spots is associated with exposure to aggressive ultraviolet radiation.

Nevus Becker is a hereditary disease, so such spots do not always indicate the presence of problems in the body.

Cancer forms of melanosis

Dubrey's melanosis - small spots of a blurry shape, slightly convex, rise above the surface of the skin, have a dark brown, sometimes black color, the disease is referred to as precancerous conditions. At the initial stage, the size of the nevus does not exceed 5 cm, but gradually increases to 10 cm or more.

Mastocytosis is most common in children

A pigmented variety of urticaria, more common in children. Initially, dark red or pink spots that itch badly, turn into bubbles with liquid - outwardly everything looks like a burn. After the opening of the rashes, dark brown areas remain on the skin, but in 70% of cases they are independent.

The main causes of the disease are a hereditary factor, long-term infectious processes, exposure to toxic substances, stress, climate change.

In adults, the disease proceeds in a more severe form, complicated by systemic mastocytosis, which causes disability or death of a person.

Recklinghausen's disease

Recklinghausen's disease develops not only on the skin, but also affects the internal organs

With the disease, areas of gray-blue or various shades of brown appear, or atypical clusters of freckles in the form of clusters, rashes can be found in newborns, preschoolers, they gradually become larger.

As the disease develops, neurofibromas form on the body, and then on the internal organs, which in 20% of cases degenerate into cancerous tumors. Without proper treatment, the pathology progresses, affects the nervous and musculoskeletal systems, mental disorders, epilepsy, depression, and vertebral defects develop.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

On the skin and mucous membranes, small round areas up to 4 mm in size of yellow, light or dark brown color can be found, in the mouth and nasopharynx they have a blue-violet tint. The disease is hereditary and is more common in women.

Rashes indicate the presence of polyps in the intestines, a person is concerned about abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, rumbling. Spots often degenerate into malignant neoplasms.

Place of localization - the skin around the lips and eyes, the back surfaces of the palms, forehead, chin, the area between the legs.

Which doctor should I contact?

Since the causes of the appearance of dark spots are varied, it should first. After examination and primary diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe a consultation with a geneticist,.

If dark spots appear on the skin, consult a dermatologist

Sometimes simultaneous treatment by several specialists is required, and in some cases it is enough to undergo a treatment course with a cosmetologist.

Diagnostics

If it was not possible to make a diagnosis during the initial examination, a number of additional tests are prescribed to compile a more accurate clinical picture.

Diagnostic methods:

• clinical, biochemical blood test;
• test for tumor markers;
• analysis for STIs, allergens;
• general urine analysis;
• immunological studies;
• scraping, bakposev;
• biopsy of tissue samples from the affected area.

A biopsy of the affected areas of the skin is performed to accurately determine the cause of pigmentation.

Additional research methods are prescribed taking into account the general clinical picture, anamnesis, and the age of the patient.

Treatment for dark spots on the skin

In the treatment of dark spots, an integrated approach is used, which includes the use of tablets and drugs for external use, surgery, and cosmetic procedures.

Medical therapy

Medicines are selected by the doctor based on the results of the tests, the goal of therapy is to eliminate the manifestations of the disease, the root causes of the appearance of the pathology.

Skinoren cream is prescribed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in the fight against dark spots.

What drugs are used in the treatment:

• anti-inflammatory drugs - Skinoren cream;
• antibacterial drugs - Rifampicin, Nystatin;
• antifungal agents - clotrimazole;
• antihistamines - Loratadin, Claritin;
• steroid ointments - Triderm, Pimafukort;
• keratolytic agents - salicylic ointment, Resorcinol;
• vitamin complexes with riboflavin, folic acid.

As additional methods of treatment, the doctor may prescribe a diet, therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy.

You should immediately consult a doctor if a spot on the skin appears in a child, grows, bleeds, hurts, blood relatives have similar rashes.

Other treatments

If the appearance of age spots is not associated with serious diseases, you can get rid of them using folk methods.

How to remove dark spots at home:

1. Add 10 drops of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia to 30 g of homemade cottage cheese, spread the mixture evenly over the skin, leave for a quarter of an hour. The procedures are carried out 2-3 times a week, in total 10-12 sessions are required.
2. Mix 5 g each of vinegar, honey and rice flour, lubricate age spots with the composition, hold for 20 minutes. Apply masks every 3 days for a month.
3. The recipe for a soft scrub with an antiseptic effect - 10 g of iodized salt is mixed with 5 drops of orange oil and 5 g of any cream. Apply the mass with light massage movements on the skin, leave for 2-3 minutes, rinse with warm water. The procedure is carried out 2-3 times a week.

At home, you can lighten age spots, age spots with the help of retinoids, creams with AHA acids, serums with arbutin and hydroquinone.

Cosmetic methods

Salon procedures are aimed at lightening spots, eliminating peeling, preventing the appearance of rashes, they are carried out in beauty parlors.

Effective methods of dealing with age spots:

• chemical peeling - the top pigmented layer of the skin is removed;
• ultrasonic peeling - various medical and cosmetic products are introduced into the deep layers of the skin with the help of ultrasonic waves;
• cryotherapy - the affected areas are treated with liquid nitrogen, pigmented cells die off, recovery processes start, skin tone improves;
• laser treatment - under the influence of high temperatures, the cells of the epidermis are destroyed, it is considered one of the most effective methods of combating increased pigmentation;
• photorejuvenation - a new procedure, the skin is affected by high-intensity light pulses, suitable for getting rid of age spots and other types of pigmentation, helps to eliminate even old scars, acne, freckles.

Cryotherapy is used to remove age spots with liquid nitrogen.

Microdermabrasion helps to achieve a good result - with the help of small crystals, the doctor removes the top layer of the skin, dry dark spots are eliminated. The method is effective, but with warts, psoriasis, active acne and diabetes, the procedure cannot be performed.

Dark spots on the skin spoil the mood and appearance, to prevent their appearance, it is necessary to limit the time spent in the sun, use protective equipment against ultraviolet radiation, frost, and wind.

So that the skin does not become dry, flaky, you need to follow the drinking regime, eat right and balanced, use high-quality cosmetic products.

Any person can develop brown rough spots on the body. They will differ in location, size, color. Such rashes are physiological in nature, do not pose a threat to humans. But sometimes they can be signs of a disease.

Reasons for the formation of spots

The cells of the epidermis produce melanin - a substance, a skin pigment that protects the deeper layers from aggressive sunlight. Dark-colored rashes are formed due to the increased content of melanin pigment. Such formations occur in different places, but usually form in open areas and friction zones.

In medical terminology, such changes in the skin are called hyperpigmentation. At the initial stage, freckles appear. Dark spots appear already in a neglected form.

The appearance of brown spots on the body may be due to the following reasons:

• Prolonged exposure to the sun. To protect the body, the skin begins to intensively produce pigment.
• The process of healing burn blisters or small wounds, scars. These rashes disappear on their own without additional treatment.
• The activity of hormones in pregnant, lactating women before or after childbirth. Light brown dots on the body can sometimes remain for a long time, but they will disappear anyway.
• The reaction of the body to incorrectly prescribed drugs or an overdose. Pigmentation begins to lighten and disappear after stopping the medication.
• Violation of the adrenal glands. With such a pathology, the formations are very itchy and often peel off. There may be sudden mood changes, severe fatigue, muscle pain.
• Hyperpigmentation is observed in older people, as an age-related change in the skin. The pigmentation function cannot be performed correctly and stably.

Varieties of rashes

Hyperpigmentation has a certain classification. Spots on the skin are distinguished by photo and name. More often, the defects that are found were from birth, they do not cause pain or other discomfort. These are ordinary moles or nevi.

There are borderline nevi. They are a knot from light coffee to black. All changes with this type of mole should be monitored, in case of any suspicion, consult a doctor. There is a risk of degeneration of the borderline nevus into melanoma.

The next species is Setton's nevus (halonevus). A small outgrowth has a characteristic light rim on the skin. Often such formations are acquired in childhood, observed in people with vitiligo disease. They are located on the trunk and arms, in rare cases on the head.

Brown spots on the skin of a child that appeared early in life are most often birthmarks. If they formed at a later age, you should think about pigmentation after prolonged exposure to the sun, vitiligo or a malignant process. In any case, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor, especially if dark spots spread quickly over the body or cause discomfort.

Complex non-cellular pigmented formations are often congenital. They do not appear immediately, but appear gradually, growing in layers. Slightly raised above the surface of the skin, soft to the touch, in some cases covered with stiff hairs.

This type of growth is usually called birthmarks. They do not cause inconvenience, but it is necessary to observe them. With an external change, there is a risk of degeneration into a malignant form.

Intradermal form of a mole

More often than others, the intradermal form of a mole is found (pale coffee spots in the photo and names below). They do not appear immediately between the ages of 10 and 30. These small brown dots on the body constantly change their shade (the speck does not itch at the same time), because they change the depth of penetration from the upper layer of the epidermis to a deeper one. Their surface is smooth, but can be covered with cracks.

An unusual variety of nevi are Mongolian spots. These are congenital areas of grayish-blue pigmentation. Usually such a formation is located in the lumbar region. It is important to distinguish between Mongolian lesions and melanoma-like tumors. Such pigmentation does not require intervention, by about five years it disappears on its own.

Red-brown spots on the face are called lentigo - these are benign formations. They are congenital and acquired. With a congenital form, lentigo is combined with other malformations - splitting of the vertebrae, heart disease, deafness. With liver diseases, in old age, such pigmented formations appear on the face, but over time.

Light spots on the body have their own name - "the color of coffee with milk." Appear at birth or in the first year of life. Healthy people have up to three such formations. Often there are such dark spots on the legs, arms, back and abdomen. They do not protrude on the surface, do not grow hair, have the same color, do not degenerate into a cancerous form. If they are located in such a place that they cause cosmetic discomfort, then they can be lightened or removed with a laser.

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Dark spots on the neck, back, abdomen appear as age-related changes in the body. These are seborrheic warts. At first they are small pink outgrowths. Over time, the color darkens, the size increases, the surface of the skin next to it sometimes peels off. In case of injury, even with a slight touch, in some cases, bleeding may begin.

Such dark rashes can grow profusely and cause inconvenience. You need to see a doctor (dermatologist) as soon as possible. Removing seborrheic growths is not difficult. This will get rid of many problems.

Brown spots can form on the legs, stomach, back, and all over the body due to the rare Recklinhausen disease. Sometimes formations grow to large sizes that begin to hang down. They are multiple, located along the nerve trunks. Coffee stains in the photo and the name of the disease below. This is already an advanced stage.

Recklinhausen's disease

Recklinhausen's disease is a hereditary pathology in which the formation of malignant tumors is provoked due to gene mutation. There is a deformation of the bones, the functioning of the nervous system is disrupted, and cancerous tumors are formed in the spinal cord. All this leads to hearing loss, a sharp decrease, and loss of vision, then complete paralysis.

Lichen coloration is another reason why brown skin appears. Spots are located on the neck, back, abdomen, and in other places. They often go away without much treatment. The color ranges from sandy to black. Nearby small formations can merge into larger ones. Some types of lichen are very similar, but have a different degree of contagiousness. They are all transmitted by contact, that is, from an infected person or his personal belongings.

Sometimes there is a slight itching on the body in problem areas. This is due to the special composition of sweat. It usually occurs in people who lead an active lifestyle or suffer from hyperhidrosis. Hypothermia, a decrease in protective forces against the background of an exacerbation of a chronic disease or infection, can also provoke the development of itching.

Removal Methods

Before treating brown spots on the body on your own, it is highly recommended to consult a specialist. Brown spots on the face cause particular discomfort. Several effective methods have been developed to remove skin growths.

Thorough examinations are carried out to determine the appropriate method. It is not advisable to try to lighten defects on your own. It is necessary to contact the doctor if there is a desire to get rid of the defect or if it suddenly changed, for example, it began to peel off.

The next method is cryodestruction. Under the influence of nitrogen, the area with increased pigmentation is cooled to such low temperatures that even water freezes in the cells. Cells with pigments expand and are destroyed. New ones are formed, but already without pigment. During the session, the patient does not feel any discomfort, sometimes there are tingling in the areas of nitrogen application.

Another way is photorejuvenation. Directed flashes of light act on the skin. A minimum of 4 treatments are required to destroy the pigment. During the session, discomfort and burning sensation are felt on the body. After the procedure, peeling is possible, but everything gradually passes. As a result of the procedures, hyperpigmentation disappears.

If dark formations appeared as a result of some kind of disease, then the treatment is carried out using complex medicinal or chemotherapeutic courses. If pigmentation formed during pregnancy, then brown spots on the abdomen in women can only be removed after childbirth. Perhaps the hyperpigmentation will go away on its own.

Age spots (video)

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